Subject:   ­³º~³Ç¡G¨È¨½´µ¦h¼w¡Ð¤ÎÃh¼w®ü¹ï¥Lªº§åµû
Name:   HKSHP
Date Posted:   Apr 30, 03 - 6:24 AM
Email:   hkshp@grad.com
URL   http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/~hkshp
Message:   ­»´ä¤H¤å­õ¾Ç·|ºô­¶¡@http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/~hkshp

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¡@¡@¥Ñ¦¹¥D¿×©RÃDªºÅÞ¿è«ä·Q¡A¨È¤ó¶i¤@¨Bµo®i¥Lªº§Î¤W¾Ç(metaphysics)ªº¡u
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¹ê¡B³Ì®Ú¥»¡B³Ì½T©wªº·N¸q¤W¡A¬J¤£¬O­z»¡¤@­Ó¥DÅ骺¿×¶µ(predicate of a
subject)¡A¤]¤£¦b¤@­Ó¥DÅ餤¥X²{(present in a subject)¡C¡v[5]¥H¤Wªº¡u¥D
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¡@¡@¸òµÛ§Ú­Ì°Q½×¨È¤óÃö©ó¦t©z¥Í¦¨Åܤƪº«ä·Q¡COusia¬J¬O¿W¥ß¦Û¦s¤S¬O¦Û§Ú
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¡@¡@³Ì«á¡A§Ú­Ì¤£¯à¤£°Q½×¨È¤óªº¯«¾Ç«ä·Q¡C¦b¨È¤óªº­õ¾Ç¡A¡u¯«¡v¬O§@¬°¦t©z
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±À°Ê¥¦¡C±À°Ê¤Ó¶§¤§ª«(i)©Î¬O³Q¨ä¥Lª«©Ò°Ê¡A(ii)©Î¤£³Q¨ä¥Lª«©Ò°Ê¡C­Y¬O«á
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¡v(prime unmoved mover)ªº¦s¦b¡A¨È¤ó»{¬°«eªÌ¤£¥i¯àµo¥Í¡A¦]¦¹¥u¦³©Ó»{
prime unmoved moverªº¦s¦b¡A³o´N¬O¯«[9]¡C¨È¤ó»{¬°¯«¬O¥ÃùÚ¤£ÅÜ¡B¯Âºé¹ê²{
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¡@¡@¸òµÛ§Ú­Ì°Q½×¨È¤ó»P¬f©Ô¹Ï¦b«ä·Q¤Wªº°Ï§O¡C¬f©Ô¹Ï¦b²{¹êªº¥Í·À¥@¬É¤§¤W
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·Qªº²z«¬¥@¬É¤~¬O¯u¹êªº«ÈÆ[¹ê¦b(objective real reality)¡A§Ú­Ì¯à°÷»{ÃѲz
«¬¡A²z«¬¥@¬É¥ç¬O¯uµ½¬üªº³Ì°ª»ù­È²Î·|¡A²{¹ê¥@¬Éªº¸Uª«³£¤À¨É¤F²z«¬¡A¦ý¥¦
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¡A²z«¬¦s¦b©ó²{¹ê¥@¬É¤§¥~¡A¨È¤ó»{¬°³o¬O¤£¥i¯àªº¡A¨È¤ó»¡¡G¡u¹êÅé»P¹êÅé©Ò
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¡@¡@¾ú¨Ó¥¿½T¦a§åµû¨È¤óªº¥i­º±ÀÃh¼w®ü(A. N. Whitehead 1861-1947)¡CÃh¤ó
»{¬°­õ¾Ç¤@¦V¥H¨Ó³£¨ü¨ì¨È¤óªº¥D¿×©RÃDÅÞ¿è«ä·Qªº¼vÅT¡A¯S§O¬O³o¦b§Î¤W¾Ç¡u
¹êÅé»PÄÝ©Ê¡v(substance-attribute)«ä·Qªºµo®i¤Wªº¼vÅT¡C¥Ñ¦¹¨È¤ó»{¬°¨ãÅé
ªº­Ó§O¨Æª«¬O¯u¹êªº²Ä¤@¹êÅé©Îousia¡A¥¦­Ì¨ã¦³¿W¥ßªº¦s¦b©Ê(independent
existence)¡AµL¶·¨Ì¿à¥ô¦ó¨ä¥LªF¦è¦Ó¯à¿W¥ß¦Û¦s¡CÃh¤ó¹ï¨È¤óªº¹êÅé»PÄÝ©Ê«ä
·Q²r¯P§åµû¡A»{¬°²{¹ê¨Æª«Áö¬O¯u¹ê¦s¦b¡A¦ýÓý¤£¬O¿W¥ßªº¦s¦b¡AÃh¤óªº§åµû¬O
¥¿½Tªº¡CÃh¤ó»{¬°²{¹ê¨Æª«¨ÃµL¿W¥ßªº¦s¦b©Ê¡A¦Ó¬O¨Ì²³¦hªº¨ä¥L¨Æª«¬°¦]½t¦Ó
¥Í°_ªº¡A¹ê¦b(Reality)´N¬O¾úµ{(process)¡C¨È¤ó»{¬°¹êÅ餣¯à¦b(¥t¤@)¥DÅ餤
¥X²{¡AÃh¤óªí¥Ü¤Ï¹ï¡A»P¦¹¬Û¤Ï¡AÃh¤óªº¾÷Åé­õ¾Ç(organistic philosophy)¥¿
¬O­n¸ÑÄÀ²{¹ê¨Æª«¡u¦b¥t¤@¨Æª«¤¤¥X²{©Î¦s¦b(present)¡v³o­ÓÆ[©À[15]¡CÃh¤ó
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Äá¨ü²Î¤@Åé[16][17]¡A¨C¤@²{¹ê¨Æª«³£¯à·P¨ü¨ä¥L¨Æª«ªº·P¨ü¡A¥H¦Ü±N¨ä·P¨ü¦¨
¬°¦Û¤vªº·P¨ü¡A±N¥¦¯Ç¤J¦Û¤vªº·P¨üµ²ºc¤§¤¤¡F±q³o­Ó·N¸q¬Ý¡A¨ä¥Lªº²{¹ê¨Æª«
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µùÄÀ¡G
[1]´¿¥õ¦p¡m¨È¨½´µ¦h¼w¡n¡A¥x¥_¡GªF¤j¹Ï®Ñ¤½¥q¡A1989¡A­¶1¡C
[2]´¿¥õ¦p¡m¨È¨½´µ¦h¼w¡n¡A­¶2¡C
[3]¥»¤å³Ì«á·|´£¨ìÃh¼w®ü¹ï¨È¤óªº§åµû¡C
[4] F. CoplestonµÛ¡B³Å¨ØºaĶ¡m¦è¬v­õ¾Ç¥v(1)¢w§Æþ»Pù°¨¡n¡A¥x¥_¡G¾¤©ú
¤å¤Æ¨Æ·~¤½¥q¡A1986¡A­¶363¡C
[5] Aristotle, Categories, 2a11 (°ÑThe Works of Aristotle, Vol.1,
edited by W. D. Ross, London: Oxford University Press, 1928).
[6] Aristotle, Categories, 1a20.
[7] Aristotle, Categories, 4a10.
[8]­ð¤OÅvµÛ¡B§ºÄ~³ÇĶ¡m¯ßµ¸»P¹ê¦b¡n¡A¥_¨Ê¡G¤¤°êªÀ·|¬ì¾Ç¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1998¡A
­¶120¡C
[9]Aristotle, Physica, 241b24-243; ´¿¥õ¦p¡m¨È¨½´µ¦h¼w¡n¡A­¶349¡C
[10]¨È¤ó¦ü¥G¨S¦³¸ÑÄÀ¡G¦p¦ó±q¯«¬O¸Uª«±ý¨Dªº¹ï¶H¨Ó»¡©ú¸Uª«ªºÅܤơC§Ú­Ì©Î
ªÌ¥i³o¼Ë¸ÑÄÀ¡A¯«±N¤£¦Pªº¥Øªº½á¤©¤£¦Pªº¨Æª«¡A§@¬°¥¦­Ì¼ç¯àªº¥»½è¡B¤º¦bªº
¥Øªº»P¤Î´÷¨Dªº¹ï¶H¡A¦¹¥Øªº·íµM¤]¬O¯«ªº¤@³¡¥÷¡C¤£¹L¡A¦¹¸ÑÄÀ¥i¯à¥ç¦³²z½×
ªº§xÃø¡C
[11]Aristotle, Metaphysics, 1072b15-25 (°ÑThe Works of Aristotle, Vol.8,
edited by W. D. Ross); ¨H²MªQ¡mª«²z¤§«á¡G§Î¤W¾Çªºµo®i¡n¡A¥x¥_¡G¤û¹y¥X
ª©ªÀ¡A1987¡A­¶130¡C
[12]ŪªÌ¥i°Ñ¬Ý¡G­³º~³Ç¡q¬f©Ô¹Ï(¤W)¡r¡B¡q¬f©Ô¹Ï(¤U)¡r¡A¤À§O¥Z©ó¡m¤H¤å¡n
¤ë¥Z²Ä109´Á¡A­¶19-20¡A²Ä110´Á¡A­¶22-23¡C
[13]Aristotle, Metaphysics, 1078b30-32.
[14]Aristotle, Metaphysics, 991b1-3; Copleston¡A­¶374-5¡C
[15]A. N. Whitehead, Process and Reality, corrected edition, edited by
D. Griffin and D. Sherburne, New York: The Free Press, 1978, p.50.
[16]Process and Reality, p.41; Ãh¼w®üµÛ¡B³Å¨ØºaĶ¡m¬ì¾Ç»P²{¥N¥@¬É¡n¡A
¥x¥_¡G¾¤©ú¤å¤Æ¨Æ·~¤½¥q¡A1987¡A­¶77¡C
[17]Ãh¼w®ü¬O¼Æ²zÅÞ¿è®a¤Î­õ¾Ç®a¡A¦­¦~»Pù¯À¦XµÛ¡m¼Æ¾Ç­ì²z¡n¡A«á¨ÓÂà¨ì¬ì
¾Ç­õ¾Ç¤Î§Î¤W¾Çªº«ä¦Ò¡AÁöµM¥L¤£¬Oª«²z¾Ç®a¡A¦ý¹ï¶q¤lª«²z(¤Î¬Û¹ï½×)¥ç¦³¯d
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