»´ä¤H¤å¾Ç·|ºô¶¡@http://hksh.site
õ¾Çµo®i§x¹Ò¤§¤ÀªR
À¹º_µ×¡]¥[®³¤j»X¯S§Qº¸³Á¦Nº¸¤j¾Ç¤u¾Ç°|³Õ¤h¡^1
ºKn
¤W¥@¬ö¥D¬yõ¾Ç¬ÉªºÅv«ÂÃö¤_õ¾Ç§@¬°±M·~¤w¸g²×¤î¤Fªº«Å§i¡A¼Ð§ÓµÛõ¾Ç§@¬°¤@ªù¾Ç¬ìªºµo®i³´¤J¤F§x¹Ò¡A¨´¤µ¬°¤î¥D¬y±M·~õ¾Ç¨Ã¥¼±q³o¤@§x¹Ò¤¤Â\²æ¥X¨Ó¡C³o¤@§x¹Ò·N¨ýµÛ§@¬°¤HÃþ¤å©úªº°ò¥Ûªºõ¾Ç¤w¸g¨ì¤F»Ýn¤@³õ²©RªºÃöÀY¡C¥»¤å¹ï¤_¾ÉPõ¾Ç°I°hªº¦U¤è±¦]¯À¶i¦æ¤F¤ÀªR¡A¨Ã¹ï§Y±N¨ì¨Óªºõ¾Ç²©Rªº«e´º°µ¤F²nªº°Q½×¡C
ÃöÁäµü: õ¾Ç¡A°I°h¡A¾Ç¬ì¡A±M·~¡AÅÞ¿è¡AªÀ·|°Ê¤O¡A¼g§@
1. ¤Þ¨¥
¡@¡@¦Û±q¤WÓ¥@¬ö¦è¤èõ¤Hµo²{±M·~õ¾Ç°ò¥»¤w¸g¦º¤F¨ì²{¦b¥D¬yõ¾Ç¬É¨ÌµM³B¤_ºD©Ê°I°h¤§¤¤¡A¬°¤FÂ\²æõ¾Çµo®iªº¥@¬É©ÊªºÀZ¶Õ¡A§ÚÌ»Ýnº¥ý¹ï¾ÉP³o¤@ÀZ¶Õªºì¦]¦³¤ñ¸û²`¨èªº¤F¸Ñ¡C§ÚÌ¥i¥HÅ¢²Î¦a±N¼vÅTõ¾Çµo®iªº¦]¯ÀÂkµ²¬°¨âºØ¬Û¤Ïªº¤O¶q¡]´N¶H¤H̱`¹ï¼vÅTªÀ·|µo®iªº¦]¯À©Ò°µªº·§¬A¤@¼Ë¡^¡G«P¶iõ¾Çµo®iªº¤O¶q©M¾ÉPõ¾Ç°I°hªº¤O¶q¡C³o¨âºØ¤O¶q©¼¦¹¸û¶qªºµ²ªG¨M©w¤Fõ¾Ç¦b³oÓ¥@¬É¤W©Î¬YÓ¦a°Ï¤ºªº¬YÓ¾ú¥v¶¥¬q¤ºªº¿³°I¡C«ÜÅãµM¡A¦b¹L¥h¤@Ó¥@¬ö¥ª¥kªº®É¶¡ùØ¡A¾ÉP«P¶iõ¾Çµo®iªº¤O¶q»·¤£¨¬¥H©è¾×»P¤§¬Û¤Ïªº¤O¶qªº§@¥Î¡A¥H¦Ü¤_§Ú̳o¤@¥N¤H¥¿³B¤_¤@³õ·sõ¾Ç²©R¨ì¨ÓªºÂà§éÃöÀY¡C
¡@¡@¾ú¥v¤Wõ¾Çµo®iªºÀZ¶Õ´¿«P¨Ï¤@¨Ç«Dõ¾Ç±M·~ªº´¼ªÌ®¼¨¦Ó¥X¸Õ¹Ï¬°®¾±Ï±M·~õ¾Ç¦Ó§@°^Äm¡C¤W¥@¬öªº¼w°êµÛ¦Wõ¾Ç®a³Ç´µ©¬´µ¦b¡m§Úªºõ¾Ç¡n¤¤¦^ÅU¥L¬°¦ó©ñ±óÂå¥ÍªºÂ¾·~¦Ó±q¨Æõ¾Ç±´¯Á®É»¡2¡G
¡@¡@·í§Ú·NÃѨì¡A¦b¨ºÓ®ÉÔ¡A¦U¤j¾ÇùبS¦³¯u¥¿õ¾Ç¡A§Ú·Q±¹ï³o¼Ë¤@Ó¯uªÅª¬ºA¡A¥ô¦ó¤@Ó¤H¡Aþ©È¥Lªºõ¾Ç·¥®z¥HP¤_µLªk²£¥Í¦Û¤vªºõ¾Ç¡A³£¦³Åv§Q¥X¨ÓÁ¿õ¾Ç¡A¨Ó«ÅºÙõ¾Çªº¹L¥h©M±N¨Ó¬O¤°»ò¼Ëªº¡C
¡@¡@(^Ķì¤å¡G
¡@¡@As the realisation overcame me that, at the time, there was no true philosophy at the universities, I thought that facing such a vacuum even he who was too weak to create his own philosophy, had the right to hold forth about philosophy, to declare what it once was and what it could be.)
¡@¡@¦p³Ç´µ©¬´µ³o¼Ëªº³Ç¥X¤H¤~ªº¥[·ùÅãµM¨Ã¥¼¯à´î½w·í®Éõ¾Ç°I±ÑªºÀZ¶Õ¡A¥Lªº¼w°ê¦PM3¤£¤[¤§«á«K«Å§P¤Fõ¾Çªº¦º¦D¡Cõ¾ÇªºÀZ¶Õ¨ä¹ê¤]µ´«D©l¦Û¤WÓ¥@¬ö¡A³y¦¨³o¤@°I°hªººØ¤l¬O¨âÓ¥@¬ö¤§«e·íõ¾Ç¶}©l±M·~¤Æ¡A·í¼w°ê¥j¨åõ¾Ç®a±d¼w«Å¥¬§Î¦Ó¤W¾Ç¦A¨S¦³µo®i¾l¦a4ªº®ÉÔ´N¤w¸g®I¤U¤F¡C±d¼w¤§«áªº¥t¤@¦ì¼w°êõ¾Ç¤j®v¶Â®æº¸´¿¦b¥Lªº¡mÅÞ¿è¾Ç¡n¤¤¹ï¥L¨ºÓ®É¥Nªº§Î¦Ó¤W¾Çªº¦¡·L°µ¹L³o¼Ëªº·P´n5¡G
¡@¡@¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¦A¨S¦³¤H¹ï¤_§Î¦Ó¤W¾Çªº§Î¦¡©Î¤º®e©Î¨âªÌ·P¿³½ì¡C
¡@¡@¡]^Ķì¤å¡G
¡@¡@The fact is that there no longer exists any interest either in the form or the content of metaphysics or in both together.)
¡@¡@¹ï¦¹¡A¶Â®æº¸±µ¤U¨Ó·P¶Ë¦a»¡¹D¡A·í¤@Ó°ê®a¹ï¥¦ªº¾Ëªk²z½×¡A¥¦ªº°ê¥Á±¡¾Þ¡A¥¦ªºÛ²z¹D¼wºz¤£Ãö¤ßªº®ÉÔ¡A¨º¬O¥O¤H¾_Å媺¡F¦P¼Ë¥O¤H¾_Å媺¬O¤@Ó°ê®a¥¢¥h¤F¥¦ªº§Î¦Ó¤W¾Ç¡A·í¦Û§Ú«ä¦Ò¤§ÆF¤w¤£¦A¦s¦b¤_¤@Ó°ê®aªº¥Í©R¤§¤¤¡C
¡@¡@¡]^Ķì¤å¡G
¡@¡@If it is remarkable when a nation has become indifferent to its constitutional theory, to its national sentiments, its ethical customs and virtues, it is certainly no less remarkable when a nation loses its metaphysics, when the spirit which contemplates its own pure essence is no longer a present reality in the life of the nation.¡^
¡@¡@¶Â®æº¸¤§«áªº¤@Óº©ªøªº®É¶¡ùاΦӤW¾Ç¤£¦ý¦b¥]¬A¼w°ê¦b¤ºªº¥@¬É¦U¦a³Q§@¬°¦UºØ§Å³NªºÁ`ºÙ¦Ó¼s¾D¾Ø¥ï¡A¨Ã¥B«Ü¦h¤H¬Æ¦Ü¦]¬°³Q¥´¤W§Î¦Ó¤W¾Çªº¼Ðñ¦Ó¾D¨ì¾·~ªº±ÆÀ½©Î¬Fªv¥´À£¤D¦Ü¤H¨ªº¢®`¡A¦pªG¶Â®æº¸¯à°÷¹wª¾³oºØª¬ªpªºµo¥Í¤£ª¾¥L·|°µ¦ó·P·Q¡C
2. õ¾Çµo®i¤§¯à¶q¨Ó·½
¡@¡@¦P¨ä¥¦¾Ç¬ì¤@¼Ë¡Aõ¾Ç§@¬°¤@ªù¾Ç¬ìµo®iªº¯à¶q¥Dn¨Ó¦Û¨âӤ象G²{¹ê¥@¬Éªº¤è¤è±±¤Î¾ú¥v¤Wªºõ¾Ç¦¨´N¡C»P¨ä¥¦¾Ç¬ìªº±M®a̬ۤñ¡Aõ¾Ç®a̦ü¥G¯S§O³ßÅw±j½Õõ¾Çªº¾ú¥v¡]¥]¬A«e¤Hªº²z½×©M¬ÛÃö¬G¨Æ¡^¥H¦Ü¤_¤µ¤Ñ³\¦h¤H·F¯Ü§â±M·~õ¾Çµø¬°µ¥¦P¤_õ¾Ç¥v©Î¹ï¾ú¥v¤Wªºõ¾Ç¦¨´Nªºµû»ù¡F¤£¦ý¬O·~§Eõ¾Ç·R¦nªÌ¦p¦¹¡A±M·~õ¾Ç¬É¤H¤h¥]¬AÁ¿±Âõ¾Çªº¤×¨ä¦p¦¹¡C»P¨ä¥¦¾Ç¬ìªº±M·~¤H¤h¼ö°J¤_¤¶²Ð¸Ó±M·~ªº°ò¥»ì²z¬Û¹ï¤ñ¡Aõ¾Ç±M·~ªº¤H¤h¦b¦V«Dõ¾Ç±M·~ªº¤H¤h¤¶²Ðõ¾Ç®Éªº¤@Ó¯SÂI«K¬O¤@¤j¦ê¾ú¥v¤Wªºõ¾Ç¤Hª«ªº¦W¦r¤Î«á¤H¹ï¤_¥L̪º²z½×ªºÁ`µ²©Mµû½×¡C³o¼Ë°µªº¦X²z©Ê¦b¤_õ¾Çªº¯SÂI¨M©w¤Fõ¾Ç²z½×¬O«ö²z½×ªº§@ªÌ¨Ó¹º¤Àªº¡]¤ñ¦p¡A¦Ñ¤lªºõ¾Ç¡A±d¼wªºõ¾Ç¡A¶Â®æº¸ªºõ¾Çµ¥µ¥¡^¡A¦ý¬O°ÝÃD¥X¦b¤j¦h¼Æ±¡ªp¤U¤H̦b¤¶²Ð¨º¨Ç¤H¦Wªº®ÉԨ䣦C¥X¨º¨Ç¤Hªºì¸Ü¦Ó¬OÂàz«á¤H¹ï¤_¥L̪º²z½×ªºÁ`µ²©Mµû½×¡A·í¤H̿˦ۥh¾\Ū¨º¨Ç¤Hª«ªºìµÛ®É±`·|µo²{«á¤HªºÁ`µ²©Mµû½×¤¤¥R¥¸ªº¤j¶qªº»~¸Ñ¡F¥t¥~¡A¨ã¦³¿Ø¨ë·N¨ýªº¬O¡A¾ú¥v¤Wªºõ¾Ç¦¨´N¦bõ¾Çµo®i¤¤©Ò°_ªº§@¥Î¨ä¹ê»·¤£¦p¨ä¥¦¾Ç¬ìªº¤w¦³¦¨ªG¦b¾Ç¬ìªºµo®i¤¤©Ò°_ªº§@¥Î¡Aõ¾Çµo®iªº¥Dn·½¬u¬O²{¹ê¥@¬É¡]ª«½èªº¡A¤å¤Æªº¡AÅ޿誺¡^¦s¦bµÛªº¤@¤Á¦Ó¤£¬O¾ú¥v¤Wªº¦¨´N¡C
¡@¡@±d¼w¾Ú»¡¬O¦è¤èªñ¥N¥v¤Wªº²Ä¤@¥Nªº±M·~õ¾Ç±Ð±Â¡A¥L·í®É¨ä¹ê¤w¸g·NÃѨì¤F¶È¶È¤F¸Ñ¾ú¥vªº¦¨ªG¦bõ¾Çµo®i¤¤ªº¯Ê¾Ñ¤Î¦]¦¹¦Ó¥i¯à³y¦¨ªº±M·~õ¾Çªº¯Ê³´¡C¥L»{¬°õ¾Ç¤£¬O¥i¥H±q½Ò°ó¤W¾Ç¨Óªº¡A´«¥y¸Ü»¡õ¾Ç±M·~ªº¾Ç²ß¥»¨¬O°ö¾i¤£¥Xõ¾Ç®aªº¡C¥Lªº³o¤@»{ÃÑ«D±`©ú½T¦a¤Ï¬M¦b¥Lªºõ¾ÇÁ¿¸q¡mÅÞ¿è¾É½×¡n6¤¤¡G
¡@¡@µM¦Ó¡A»¡¹ê¦bªº¡Aõ¾Ç«ç»ò·|¬O¾Ç±o¨ìªº©O¡H¨C¤@Óõ¾Çªº«ä¦ÒªÌ¥i¥H»¡³£¬O±q¥L¤H¼o¼V¤W«Øºc¥L¦Û¤vªº¤u§@¡F¦ý¬O¤£¦s¦b¨º¼Ë¤@ºØ©Ò¦³ªº³¡¤À³£¥ÃùÚªº¤H¬°ªº¦¨ªG¡C©Ò¥H¤]´N¬O»¡¡A§Y¨Ï¬O¥Ñ¤_³oÓì¦]¡A¨S¦³¤H¯à¾Ç·|®Ú¥»¤£¦s¦bªºõ¾Ç¡C¦ý¬O¡A§Y«K¦³¤@Ó²{¦¨ªºõ¾Ç¦s¦b¡A¤]¨S¦³¤H¯à°÷¦b¾Ç¤F¥¦¤§«á¥i¥HÁnºÙ¦Û¤v¬Oõ¾Ç®a¡A¦]¬°±q¥DÆ[ªº¨¤«×¨Ó»¡¡A¥L©Ò¾Ç¨ìªºª¾ÃѤw¸g¦¨¬°¾ú¥v¡C
¡@¡@(^Ķì¤å¡G
¡@¡@How, indeed, can Philosophy be learned? Every philosophical thinker builds his own work on the ruins, so to speak, of another; but nothing has ever been built that could be permanent in all its parts. It is, therefore, impossible to learn philosophy, even for this reason, that it does not yet exist. But even supposing that there were a philosophy actually existing, yet no one who learned it could say of himself that he was a philosopher, for his knowledge of it would still be only subjectively historical.)
¡@¡@±M·~õ¾Ç¤H¤h¤ñ¨ä¥¦¾Ç¬ìªº¤H§ó³ßÅw±j½Õõ¾Ç¥v¹ï¤_õ¾Ç±M·~ªº«n©Ê³o¤@²{¶HI«á®£©È¥¿¬O±d¼w«ü¥Xªº³oºØ¯Ê¾Ñ¦bõ¾Çªº±M·~¤H¤h¤¤²£¥Íªº¦M¾÷·P¡C
¡@¡@õ¾Çªº¶Ç©Ó©Ê¤§©Ò¥H¤£¦p¨ä¥¦ªº¨ãÅé¾Ç¬ì¤ºªº¶Ç©Ó©Ê¹ï¤_¾Ç¬ìªºµo®i¨Óªº¨º»ò«n¤S«ê«ê¬O¥Ñ¥¦ªº¥t¤@·½¬u¡]§Y²{¹ê¥Í¬¡¡^¹ï¤_õ¾Çµo®iªº«n©Ê©Ò¨M©wªº¡Cõ¾Ç²z½×ªº¤@¤j¯SÂI¬O¤£»Ýn¦³½ÆÂøªº¼Æ¾Ç±À¾É©Î¨Ì¿à¤_³]³Æ±ø¥óªº¹êÅç¤Î¦ÛµMÆ[´ú¡A¥¦ªºª½±µ¯À§÷´N¬O¨Ó¦Û¤_²{¹ê¥Í¬¡¤Î¨ä©Ò¯A¤ÎªºÅÞ¿èÃöÁp¡CºÉºÞ¾ú¥v¤Wªºõ¾Ç¦¨ªG¥i¥HÀ°§U¶}±Ò«á¨Ó¤Hªº«ä¸ô¡A¦ý¬O¤H̤£»Ýn¶H¹B¥Î¤û¹y©w«ß¨º¼Ë¦a±q¤w¦³ªºõ¾Ç²z½×¤¤±À¾É¥X·sªºõ¾Ç²z½×¡F¬ÛÀ³¦a¡Aõ¾Ç¬O¤@ªù¶}©ñªº¾Ç¬ì¡A¥¦¤£¦s¦b¤@Ó¶H¼Æ¾Ç©Î¦ÛµM¬ì¾Ç¤¤ªºÄY®æªº¤½²zªº©Î¼Æ¾Úªº®Ø¬[©Î¾Þ§@ªº³W«h¬yµ{¡A¥¦¬Æ¦Ü¤£¨ã³ÆÃÀ³N¨º¼Ëªºª½±µ¨ë¿E¤HÌ·P©xªºªí²{§Î¦¡¤Î¹F¨ì¨º¼Ëªºªí²{§Î¦¡©Ò»Ýnªº§Þ³N©M§÷®Æ¡A³o¨Ï±oõ¾Ç¬J¬O³ÌÃø§â´¤ªº¤@ªù¾Ç¬ì¤S¬O³Ì®e©ö²V¨Æ¨Ã³q¹L²V¨Æ¦b¨ä¤¤µo¹Fªº¾Ç¬ì¡A¬J¬O¹ï¤HÃþªÀ·|¹ê½îªºµ²ªG¦³µÛµLªk¦^Áתº¤ä°t©M¼vÅTªº¾Ç¬ì¡A¤S¬O¤@ÓÁöµM¥R¥¸µÛµê¤Û»PÂÕ»~«o¤£·|³y¦¨Àþ¶¡ªºÃz¬µ©Ê¨aÃø¦]¦ÓÅý¤Hı±o¤£¯k¤£Äo¦Ó¤£©ö¹îı¤°»ò¦a¤è¥X¤F®t¿ù©Î¤°»ò®ÉÔ°g¥¢¤F¤è¦Vªº¾Ç¬ì¡C
3. ¨âºØ¾ÉPõ¾Ç°I°hªº¥Dn¦]¯À
¡@¡@¤H̦b½Í½×¬°¤°»òõ¾Ç§@¬°±M·~·|°I±Ñ®É¡A±`±Nì¦]Âk¤_¬ì¾Çªº¿³°_¡A»{¬°¬O¬ì¾Çªº¿³°_¨ú¥N¤Fõ¾Çªº¦a¦ì¡C²£¥Í³oºØ»~¸Ñªº¤@Óì¦]¬O¯Ê¥F¹ï¤_õ¾Ç§@¬°¤@ªù¾Ç¬ì©Ò±Á{ªºÄdªý¨äµo®iªº¦]¯Àªº¤ÀªR¡A¦Ó§@¬°õ¾Ç±M·~¤H¤h¬Æ¦Üõ¾ÇÅv«Â¤H¤hµoªí³o¼ËªºÆ[ÂI¡AÅãµM¬O¤@ºØ±À¨ø¦Û¤vªº³d¥ôªº°µªk¡CÁöµM¬ì¾Çªº¿³°_¦p¥»¤å«á±±N°Q½×¨ìªº·|¹ïõ¾Ç§@¬°¤@ªù¾Ç¬ìªºµo®i²£¥Í¤@©wªº¼vÅT¡A¦ý¬O¾ÉPõ¾Ç°I°hªº¤O¶q¥Dn¨Ó¦Û¨âӤ象Gõ¾Çªº¤º®e¥H¤Îõ¾Ç§@¬°¾Ç¬ì©Ò¯A¤Î¨ìªºªÀ·|°Ê¤O¾Ç¦]¯À¡A¦Ó«eªÌ¤]¥]¬A¤F¹ï¤_¤°»ò¬Oõ¾Çªº»{ÃÑ¡C
¡@¡@¦è¤è¥D¬y±M·~õ¾Ç¤§©Ò¥H·|¨«¨ì¤µ¤Ñ³oÓ¦¡·Lªº¦a¨B¨äºnì¦]ÁÙ¬O¥H©¹ªºõ¾Ç¦¨ªG¤¤ªº¤£¨¬¡C¦Óõ¾Ç¦¨ªG¤¤ªº¤£¨¬¤S¥]¬A¤F¨âӤ象A²Ä¤@ºØ¤£¨¬§Y«e±´£¨ìªº±d¼w©Ò«ü¥Xªº¥H©¹ªºõ¾Ç¦¨´N¦b³y´N·sõ¾Ç¤Wªº¥ý¤Ñªº¤£¨¬¡A²Ä¤GºØ«h¬O¤w¦³ªºõ¾Ç²z½×ªº¤º®e¹ï¤_¶i¤@¨Bµo®iªº¨Ñµ¹¤Wªº¤£¨¬¡A·íµM³o¥»¨´N¥]§t¤FÅÞ¿è¤Wªº¤í¯Ê¡C³o¨âºØ¤£¨¬¬J¦³ÃöÁp¤S¦b·N¸q¤W¤£ºÉ¬Û¦P¡C¦pªG¤w¦³ªºõ¾Ç²z½×¹ï¤_¶i¤@¨Bªºµo®i¯à°÷´£¨Ñ¥R¤ÀªºÀ°§Uªº¸Ü¡A¦ÛµM¤]´N¤£¦s¦b±d¼w©Ò«ü¥Xªº¤£¨¬¡C¦ý¬O¥t¤@¤è±¡A¾ú¥v¤Wªºõ¾Ç²z½×¦b¤º®e¤Wªº¤£¨¬¤S¦³¨ä¤£¦P¤_¨ä¥¦¾Ç¬ìªº¦Û¨ªº¯SÂI¡A©Ò¥H¦³¥²n¹ï¤§¦³¯S§Oªº»{ÃÑ¡CÃö¤_¦è¤èõ¾Ç¡AÃh¯S®ü»¡¹L³o¼Ë¤@¥y¦W¨¥7 :
¡@¡@¥i¥H³Ì¬°Ã§´¦a§â¼Ú¬wõ¾Ç¶Ç²ÎÁ`¬A¬°¡G¥¦¬O¹ï¬f©Ô¹Ïªº¤@¨t¦Cª`¸}¡C
¡@¡@(^¤åì¤å¡G
¡@¡@The safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato.)
¡@¡@¿ò¾Ñªº¬O¡A¬f©Ô¹Ï¨Ã¨S¦³§â§@¬°¥Lªºõ¾Çªº®Ö¤ß¤º®eªº²z©À¡]ideas¡^©Î§Î¦¡¡]forms¡^¯u¥¿»¡©ú¥Õ¡A§_«hªº¸Ü¤£¦ý¥i¥H¬Ù¥h³\¦h¤é«áªºª`¸}¡A¦Ó¥B¤]¥iÁקKª`¸}¤¤ªº³\¦h»~¸Ñ¡C¨ä¹ê¡Aõ¾Ç¤§©Ò¥H·|¦³¤µ¤Ñªº¤£´º®ðªº¤@Ó«n®Ú·½¤D¬O¥¼¯à«Ü¦n¦a³B²z²z·Q»P²{¹êªºÃö¨t¡C·í¤H̸չϱq¹ËÂøªº²{¹ê¤¤»â®©¥X¥ÃùÚªº¯u²z®É¡A©¹©¹¤£±o¤£¨D§U¤_²z·Qªº¤O¶q¡C¦ý¬O²z½×¤¤ªº²z·Q©¹©¹¨ã¦³¨â¤è±ªº¤£¨¬¡G1¡^©Ò´£¥Xªº²z·Q·§©À¦³¦Û¨ÅÞ¿è¤Wªº§½¡F2¡^©Ò´£¥Xªº²z·Q·§©À»P²{¹ê¤§¶¡¦s¦b°¾®t¡C³o¨âªÌ¨ä¹ê¬O¥ô¦ó¤@ªù¾Ç¬ìªº¥ô¦ó¤@ºØ²z½×³£·|¨ã¦³ªº°ÝÃD¡C¹ï¤_¤@¯ëªº¾Ç¬ì¨Ó»¡¡A¥Ñ¤_¾Ç¬ì¤º³¡ªº²Ö¿n¦¡ªº¶Ç©Ó©Ê©MÀ³¥Î¤¤ªºÆ[´ú©Î©w¶qµ²ªGªº¤ÏõX¨Ï±o³o¨â¤è±ªº¤£¨¬³q±`¤£·|³y¦¨¾Ç¬ìµo®iªº°±¹y©Î¾_¿º¡C¦ý¬O¦bõ¾Çµo®iªº¾ú¥v¤W¡A·í¤HÌÀËÅç¤w¦³ªº²z½×®É¡A±`±`¤£¬O¥h»â²¤¸Ó²z½×©Ò¤Ï¬M¥Xªº²z·Q¹Ò¬Éªº·N¸q¨Ã¹ï¤§¥[¥Hµo®i¦Ó¬O¥u±j½Õ¨ä¹ï¤_²{¹êªº°¾Â÷¡A¨ä«áªº·s²z½×¤SµL¥iÁקK¦a¤Þ¤J·sªº²z·Q©Ê«äºû¡AµM«á¨ä¥L¤H¦A°ò¤_²{¹êªºÀËÅç©Òµo²{¨ä¤£²Å¦X²{¹êªº³¡¤À¦Ó¹ï¤§¤©¥H§_©w¡C³o¼Ëªº°µªk·íµM¦Û¦³¨ä¦X²z©Ê¡A¦]¬°²z½×ªº»ùȲ¦³ºÁÙ¦b¤_¹ï²{¹êªº«ü¾É¡F¦ý¬O¡A¥Ñ¤_¹ï²z·Q»P²{¹ê§ó²`¼hªºÃö¨t¯Ê¥F¨¬°÷ªº¤F¸Ñ¡A³o¼Ëªº¹ê½î¦P¼Ë·|³y¦¨ªÀ·|©Êªº²z©Ê«äºûªº¤£³s³e¡A¦Ó³oºØ²z©Ê«äºûªº¤£³s³e¹ï¤_õ¾Çµo®iªºt±¼vÅT¬O¤£®e¤pò󪺡A¥¦ªº¤@Óª½±µªºt±µ²ªG¬O¾ÉP¤@¨Ç¦ü¬O¦Ó«Dªº¤å¦r¹CÀ¸¨ü¨ì¤H̪º«C·ý¡A¦Ó¦ü¬O¦Ó«Dªº¤å¦r¹CÀ¸¦Û¥j¥H¨Ó´N¬Oõ¾Çªº³Ì¦³¤Oªº±þ¤â¡C
¡@¡@ªÀ·|©Êªº²z©Ê«äºûªº¤£³s³e©Ò°_ªºt±§@¥Î¬Oõ¾Çµo®i©Ò¯S¦³ªº¤@ºØ²{¶H¡C°£¦¹¤§¥~¡Aõ¾Çªºµo®iÅãµM¤]¨ü¨ì¤HÃþ¤å©úµo®iªº¤ô¥¡]¤×¨ä¬O¬ì§Þµo®iªº¤ô¥¡^ªº¨î¡C¤µ¤Ñ¦b°ª¬ì§Þªº«H®§¤ÆªºªÀ·|ùؤHÌ©Ò¯à·P¨ü¨ìªº«Ü¦h¦ÛµM»PªÀ·|ªºÅÞ¿è¦b¨â¤d¦h¦~¥H«e¬O¤£¥i¯à©ÎÃø¥H·P¨ü¨ìªº¡CºÉºÞ§ÚÌ¥i¥H»¡§Y«K¬O¦b¬f©Ô¹Ïªº®É¥N¡A§Ṳ́µ¤Ñ©Ò±Á{ªºªÀ·|¤Î¦ÛµMÅÞ¿è¤]¤w¸g¬O¥i¥H³q¹L©â¶H«ä¿ë¨Ó·Q¶H¥X¨Óªº¡A¦ý¬O¥Í¬¡²{¹êªº§½¨Ï±o³oºØ·Q¶HªºÃø«×¤j¨ì¤F¹ê»Ú¤W¤£¥i¯àµo¥Íªºµ{«×¡C³oºØ¾ú¥v©Êªº§½¥»¨¬O³y¦¨¾ú¥v¤W¤w¦³ªºõ¾Ç²z½×ªº¤º®e¹ï¤_¶i¤@¨Bµo®iªº¨Ñµ¹¤Wªº¤£¨¬ªº¤@Ó«nì¦]¡C
3.1 õ¾Çªº¹ï¶H¬O¤°»ò¡H
¡@¡@¹ê»Ú¤W³oùؤS¯A¤Î¨ì“õ¾Ç¨ì©³¬O·F¤°»òªº”³o¼Ë¤@Ó¥j¦Ñªº°ÝÃD¡C¹ï¤_¥j§Æþ¤H¨Ó»¡¡Aõ¾Ç¤@µüªí¥Üªº¬O¹ï´¼¼zªº¼ö·R¡C³o¤@µü¸q¥»¨¤]¹üÅã¤F¥j§Æþ¤Hªº´¼¼z¡A¤£¦ý¦]¬°¥LÌ¥Îõ¾Ç¤@µü©Ò¥Nªíªº¾Ç°Ý¨ã¦³´¶¾Aªº¦@©Ê¡A¦b»»»·ªºªF¤è¤]¦³µÛ¹ïÀ³ªºÅé¨t¡A¤]¤£¦ý¦]¬°¤£½×¨ãÅ骺õ¾Ç²z½×ªº¤º®e¬O¤°»ò¡A¥¦³£¬Oõ¾Ç®aªº´¼¼zªºµ²´¹¡A§ó¦]¬°¹ï´¼¼zªº¼ö·R¬O§Ú̺٤§¬°¯u¥¿ªºõ¾Ç»P»ª¦üõ¾Çªº¸ÞÅG¤Î±Mª`¤_¨ãÅ骾ÃѤΧޥ©ªº¨ä¥¦¾Ç¬ì©Î§Þ¤u¤§¶¡ªº®Ú¥»°Ï§O¡C
¡@¡@¤µ¤Ñªº¥D¬y±M·~õ¾Çªº¸ô¤§©Ò¥H¶V¨«¶V¯¶ªº¤@Ó¥Dnì¦]´N¬O¹ï¤_õ¾Ç¥v©Îõ¾Çµû½×¥vªº´x´¤¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¥j§Æþ¤H©Ò´Á«Ýªº¹ï¤_´¼¼zªº¼ö·R¡A¦¨¬°¤Fõ¾Ç¬Éªº¥Dn¿³½ì¤Î¿Å¶q¤@Ó¤Hªºõ¾Ç¯À¾iªº¥Dn«ü¼Ð¡C¹ï¹L¥hªº¤åÄmªº°Q½×¡A¦Ó¤£¬O½×z·sªº«ä·Q©MÆ[ÂI¡A¤£¦ý¬Oõ¾Ç¤å³¹§@ªÌ³Ì¬°±o·N¤§³B¡A§ó¦¨¬°¾Ç³N¤å³¹ªº¼f®ÖªÌ̳̬°¬Ý«©M·P¿³½ìªº³¡¤À¡C¤Þ¥Î¹L¦h¤Ö¤åÄm¡A¤×¨ä¬O¦h¤Ö¼öªù¤åÄm¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¦³¦h¤Ö¦³»ùȪº·s«ä·Q¦¨¬°«Ü¦h®ÉÔ¤H̼f®Ö¤@½g¤å³¹¬O§_¦X®æµoªíªº¥Dn¼Ðã¡C³o¬O¦]¬°¤£¦ý§@ªÌ̯ʥF³Ð·s«äºûªº¯à¤O¡A¦Ó¥B¼f®Öªº¤H¤]´¶¹M¯Ê¥F²z¸Ñ©MªY½à·s«äºûªº¯à¤O¡A¦Ó¤Þ¥Î¹L¦h¤Ö¤å³¹¡A¤×¨ä¬O¤Þ¥Î¹L¦h¤Ö¦W¤Hªº¤å³¹¬O«D±`®e©ö§PÂ_ªºµw©Ê¦s¦b¡A¦]¦¹¤Þ¥Î¹L¦h¤Ö¤åÄm«K«D±`¨ã¦³¿Ø¨ë©Ê¦a¦¨¬°¤F¼f®Ö¤å³¹ªºµw©Ê¼Ðã¡Aõ¾Ç¥ýÅXÌ©Ò±j½Õªº¿W¥ß«ä¿ëªº¼Ðã¦b«Ü¦h¤H¨ºùئ¤w¦¨¬°³Q¿ò§Ñªº¹L¥h¡C
¡@¡@¨ä¹ê¡A§@¬°¤@ªù¥H¼ö·R´¼¼z¬°¼Ð§Óªº¶}©ñ©Ê¾Ç¬ì¡Aõ¾Çªº¹ï¶HÀ³¸Ó¬O¦s¦bµÛªº¤@¤ÁÃöÁp¡C¦ý¬O¡A¹L¥h´X¤d¦~ùØ¡A¤×¨ä¬O¦b¹L¥hªº´X¦Ê¦~ùØ¡A¥D¬yõ¾Ç¬Éªºµo®i¥Ø¼ÐÄY«¦a°¾Â÷¤F³oÓ²×·¥ªº¹ï¶H¡A³o¤@°¾Â÷¬O¾ÉP¤W¥@¬öõ¾Ç¦b¼Ú¬w³Q«Å¥¬²×¤î¤Fªº¤@Ó¥Dnì¦]¡C¦Ó³y¦¨³oºØ°¾Â÷ªº«o¬Oõ¾Ç®a̪º¤@ºØ¾·~©Êªº±Mªø¡GÂk¯Ç²¤Æ¡C¾ú¥v¤Wªºõ¾Ç®a̱`³ßÅw§âõ¾ÇÂkµ²¬°¹ï¤@¨Ç©Ò¿×ªº¤j°ÝÃDªº±´¯Á¡AºÉºÞ¤£¦Pªºõ¾Ç®a¥i¯à·|´£¥X¤£¦Pªº¤j°ÝÃD¡A¦ý¤@©w³£¬O½Ñ¦p¦s¦b¬O¤°»ò¡A¤H¬O¤°»ò¡A¦t©z¬O¤°»ò¡A§Ú̯à·F¤°»òµ¥¦bõ¾Ç®a²´ùدà°÷ºâ±o¤W¤jªº°ÝÃD¡C³o¼ËªºÂ²¤ÆÁöµM¥i¥HÀ°§Uõ¾Ç®a̾ã²z¦Û¤vªº«äºü¡AÀ°§U´¶³qŪªÌ̤F¸Ñõ¾Ç¡A«o¤]·|¹ïõ¾Ç®a¦Û¤v©MŪªÌ³y¦¨«Ü¤jªº»~¾É¡C
¡@¡@¨ä¹ê¡Aõ¾Ç®a̤§©Ò¥H¯à±Nõ¾Ç²¤Æ¬°¹ï´Xөҿתº¤j°ÝÃDªº¦^µª³o¤@ÂI¥»¨´N¬O¦]¬°¤£¦Pªº¦s¦b¤§¶¡¦³µÛ½ÆÂøªºÅÞ¿è¤WªºÃöÁp¡A¦Óõ¾Çªº¿³½ì´N¦b¤_±´¯Á¦UºØ¦s¦bI«áªºÃöÁp¡A¦]¦Ó¤£¦Pªºõ¾Ç®a̱q¦Û¤v©Ò±¹ïªº¦s¦b¥Xµo´`µÛ©¼¦¹¤§¶¡ªºÃöÁp«K¯à°÷¹F¨ì¤@¨Ç²³æªº°ÝÃD¡C¦ý¬O¡A¤@¤è±ºÉºÞ¤HÌ¥i¥H±N«Ü¦h½ÆÂøªº°ÝÃDÂkÃþ¬°¦P¤@ºØ²³æªº°ÝÃD¡A¹ï¤_¨ºÓ²³æ°ÝÃDªº¤@¨Ç¯S©Ê©ÎªÌ»¡¨º¨Ç¨ãÅé°ÝÃDªºÂ²³æªº¦@©Êªº»{ÃÑ»P¯u¥¿»{ÃѨº¨Ç¨ãÅé°ÝÃDI«áªºÅÞ¿èÃöÁp¥i¯àÁÙ¬Û®t«Ü»·¡A¦Ó¥B¬OµLªk³q¹Lºtö¨Ó±À¾É±o¥Xµ²ªGªº¡C©Ò¥H¡A¦pªG¤£¬O§@¬°¤è«K¤HÌ»{ÃѪº¦³§Ç¤Æ¤â¬q¡A¨º»ò±N½ÆÂøªºõ¾Ç²¤Æ¬°Â²³æªº¤j°ÝÃDªº°µªk°£¤F¯àµ¹¤H̱a¨Ó¤@ºØ²×·¥»{ÃѪºµê¤Ûªº§Ö·P¤§¥~¤£·|¦³¤°»ò¿n·¥ªº·N¸q¡A¤Ï¦Ó·|¦]¬°¯¶¤Æ¤Fõ¾Çªº¥Ø¼Ð¦Óµ¹õ¾Ç±M·~¤Î«Dõ¾Ç±M·~ªº¤H¤h³y¦¨»~¾É¡C¥t¤@¤è±¡A¤£¦Pªºõ¾Ç®a¯àÁ`µ²¥X¤£¦Pªº¤j°ÝÃD³o¤@ÂI¥»¨¤]¦b´£¿ôµÛ§ÚÌ¡G¨º¨Ç²¤Æ¥u¯à§@¬°¾ã²z¥L̪º«ä¸ô¥H¤è«K¥L̽×z°ÝÃDªº¤â¬q¡A¦Óµ´«Dõ¾Çªº¯u¥¿ªº²×·¥°ÝÃD¡F¤£¦ý±q¤£¦Pªº¨¤«×¥i¥H°µ¥X¤£¦PªºÂk¯Ç¨Ó¡A¦Ó¥B§Ú̬Ʀܨ䣯àªÖ©w§Ṳ́w¸gª¾¹Dªº©Ò¿×¤j°ÝÃD¬O§_¯à°÷¥]®e©Ò¦³¦s¦bªºÃöÁp©Ê¡A´N¦n¤ñ§Ṳ́w¸g¯à°÷»{ÃѨì¦t©zªº«Ü¤j¤@³¡¤À¡A¦ý¬O§Ų́䣯àªÖ©w§Ṳ́w¸g§¹¥þ¤F¸Ñ¤F¦t©z¤@¼Ë¡C
¡@¡@ºÉºÞ¹L¥h´XÓ¥@¬öùتºõ¾Ç·¶³¤Hª«Ì´¿¦h¦¸µ¹õ¾Ç°µ¹L¯¶¤Æªº¤H¬°©w¸q¡A¦Ó¥B¥L̪º¯¶¤Æ©w¸q¤]½T¹ê¹ï¥D¬yõ¾Çªºµo®i³y¦¨¤FÄY«ªº¼vÅT¡A¦ý¬O¥L̨弯à¯u¥¿±q¹ê½è¤W§ïÅÜõ¾Ç¥H¦s¦bµÛªº¤@¤ÁÃöÁp¬°¨ä¹ï¶H³o¤@°ò¥»¯SÂI¡C³o¬O¦]¬°¤HÃþ¼ö·R´¼¼zªº¤Ñ©Ê±NÅX¨ÏµÛ¤HÌ¡A¤×¨ä¬O¨ã³Æ¸û±jªºõ¾Ç«ä¿ë¯à¤Oªº¤H¡A¥h¹ï©Ò¦³Æ[¹î·P¨ü¨ìªº¦s¦bªºÃöÁp¶i¦æ«ä¯Á¡A³oºØ¦ÛµM¦ÓµMªº«ä¯Á¬O¤£·|¥h¨è·N¦a¿í¦uþÓÅv«Âµ¹¥Xªº¤H¬°ªº©w¸qªº¡A¦Ó¥B«äºûªºµ²ªG±`±`¤£²Å¦X¥ô¦ó¨ãÅé¾Ç¬ìªº½dÃ¥«oªí²{¥X¹ï¤_´¼¼zªº¼ö·R¡A¦]¦¹«D±`¦ÛµM¦a´N³QÂkÃþ¤_õ¾Ç¡C©Ò¥H»¡¤£½×±M·~õ¾Ç¬Éªº¤j¤Hª«Ì°ò¤_¤°»ò¼Ëªºì¦]¨Óµ¹õ¾Ç°µ¤°»ò¼Ëªº©w©Êªº©w¸q¡Aõ¾Ç±N¥Ã»·§@¬°¤@ªù¥H¦s¦bµÛªº¤@¤ÁÃöÁp¬°¨ä¹ï¶Hªº¾Ç¬ì¡C¦ý¬O¥t¤@¤è±¡A¥ô¦ó¤@ªù¨ãÅ骺¾Ç¬ìªº¹ï¶HÅãµM¤]¤@©wÄݤ_¦s¦bµÛªºÃöÁp¡A¦]¦Ó¦p¦ó¬É©wõ¾Ç»P¨ãÅé¾Ç¬ì¤]«Ü¦ÛµM¦a·|¦¨¬°¤HÌ©ÒÃö¤ßªºÄ³ÃD¡C¨ä¹ê¡A³oùتº¹º¤À¤]¬O«Ü¦ÛµM¥B²³æªº¡Gì«h¤W¨Ó»¡õ¾Ç©ÒÃö¤ßªº¬O¦s¦bµÛªº¤@¤ÁÃöÁp¡A¦ý¬O·í¯A¤Î¤w¸g¥Ñ¨ãÅé¾Ç¬ì¶i¦æ¬ã¨sªº»â°ì®É¡Aõ¾Ç»ÝnɧU¤w¦³ªº¨ãÅé¾Ç¬ì¨ÓÀò±o¬ÛÃöªºª¾ÃÑ¡C
¡@¡@°£¤F¦s¦b¤_õ¾Çªº¤º®e¡]¥]¬A¹ï¤_õ¾Ç¬O·F¤°»òªº»{ÃÑ¡^¤§¤¤ªº¦]¯À¤§¥~¡A¾ÉPõ¾Ç°I°hªº¤O¶qªº¥t¤@¥Dn¨Ó·½«h¬Oõ¾Ç§@¬°¤@ªù¾Ç¬ì©Ò¯A¤Î¨ìªºªÀ·|°Ê¤O¾Ç¦]¯À¡C©Ò¿×ªÀ·|°Ê¤O¾Ç¦]¯À«üªº¬O¼vÅT¤H̪ºªÀ·|¬¡°Êªº¤@¤Á°Ê¤O¦]¯À¡C¤ñ¦p¡A¤@Ó¬ã¨s¥Íªºõ¾ÇÆ[ÂI³q±`»P¥Lªº¾É®v¤@P¡A¤£½×¬O¦]¬°¥L½T¹ê»{¦P¥Lªº¾É®vªºÆ[ÂI¡AÁÙ¬O¦]¬°¥L¤£¤F¸Ñ©Î¤£¨ã³Æ¨ä¥¦ªºÆ[ÂI¡A©Î¬O¬°¤F¯à°÷¶¶§Q²¦·~¥L¥²¶·ªí²{±o©M¥Lªº¾É®v¤@P¡Aµ¥µ¥¡CªÀ·|°Ê¤O¾Ç¦]¯À¹ï¤_õ¾Çµo®iªºt±¼vÅT¤§¤j·|¥O«Ü¦h¨S¦³¦Ò¼{¹L³oÓ°ÝÃDªº¤HÅ¥¤F¤§«á«D±`Åå³Y¡C
¡@¡@¦p¦P¥ô¦ó¨ä¥¦¾Ç¬ì¤@¼Ë¡Aõ¾Ç§@¬°¤@ªù¾Ç¬ì¬O¦b²{¹êªº¥@¬É¤¤¥Í¦s©Mµo®iªº¡A²{¹êªÀ·|ùتº¥Í¦sªº»Ýn·|¾ÉP±M·~õ¾Ç¤Hû¦p¦P¨ä¥¦¥ô¦ó¾Ç¬ìªº±M·~¤Hû¤@¼Ë¦b«Ü¦h®ÉÔ§âÀò¨ú¨Ã«OÅ@Ó¤H¥Í¦s§Q¯qªº»Ýn¸m¤_¾Ç¬ìµo®iªº»Ýn¤§¤W¡C¦Óõ¾Çªº¶}©ñ©Ê¯SÂI¡A¥Dn¬Oõ¾Ç¤§¯Ê¤Ö¦p¬ì¾Ç¨º¼Ëªºµw©Ê¼Ðã¤ÎÃÀ³N¨º¼Ëªº´¶³q¤H©ö¤_²z¸Ñ©ÎªY½àªºªí²{³o¼Ëªº¯SÂI§ó¥[¼@¤F§Q¯q»P¾Ç³N»Ýn¤§¶¡ªºË¬EÁͶաC¤HÃþªÀ·|¬O¤@Ó½ÆÂøªº¦³¾÷µ²ºc¡AªÀ·|¦a¦ìªº¤£¥µ¥¬O³oÓ¦³¾÷µ²ºcªº¤@Ӯ֤ߪº°ò¥»¯SÂI¡A¦]¬°³o¤@¯SÂI¡A¨´¤µ¬°¤î³QºÙ¬°¤å©úªº¤HÃþªÀ·|¤~±o¥H¹BÂà¡A±`³Q»{¬°¦Ûµø²M°ªªº¾Ç³N¬É¤]¤£¨Ò¥~¡Cºû«ù©Î¼vÅT¤H̦bªÀ·|¤Wªº¦a¦ìªº¬O¥H¤½¥¬°¥D¶bªº½ÆÂøªº°ÊºA¹Lµ{8,9¡C¹ï¤_¤@ªù¾Ç¬ìªºµo®i¨Ó»¡¡A°ß¦³¾Ç¬ì²z½×ªº¤º¦bÅÞ¿è¤~¬O¥¦¯u¥¿ªº¥Í©R¤O¡A¨ä¥¦¦]¯À©Î¬OÀ°§U³o¤@¥Í©R¤Oªº¦¨ªø©Î¬Oªýê³o¤@¥Í©R¤Oªº¦¨ªø¡C¦]¦¹¡A¤@ӾǬ줺¦bªºÅÞ¿è¦Û¾®»E¤O¶V±j¡A¥¦ªº¥Í©R¤O¥i¯à¨ü¨ì«D¾Ç¬ìÅ޿誺ªÀ·|©Ê¦]¯Àªº¼vÅT´N¶V¤p¡F¬Û¤Ï¦a¡A¤@ӾǬ줺¦bªºÅÞ¿è¦Û¾®»E¤O¶V®z¡A¨º»ò¥¦ªº¥Í©R¤O¥i¯à¨ü¨ì«D¾Ç¬ìÅ޿誺ªÀ·|©Ê¦]¯Àªº¼vÅT´N·|¶V¤j¡A±q¦ÓªÀ·|§Q¯q¹ï¤_¾Ç¬ìµo®i²£¥Í¼vÅT¤Oªº¥i¯à©Ê´N¶V¤j¡A¥H¦Ü¤_¦b¯S©wªº¤H¨ÆÀô¹Ò¤U¾Ç¬ìµo®i¨ü¨ìªýê©Î«d®zªº¥i¯à©Ê¤]¶V¤j¡C¦pªG¯à°÷»{¦P³o¤@Æ[ÂIªº¸Ü¡A´N¤£Ãø±o¥Xµ²½×¡Gõ¾Çªºµo®i¦]¨ä¤º¦bÅ޿誺¶}©ñ©Ê¦Ó¤ñ¨ä¥¦¾Ç¬ì§ó®e©ö¨ü¨ìªÀ·|§Q¯qªº·FÂZ¡Cõ¾Çªº¤O¶q¦p±d¼w©Ò«ü¥Xªº¨º¼Ë¦b¤_«ä¿ë¡A¦Ó«ä¿ëªºªY½à»P»{¦P¤S¦b¤_§@ªÌ»PŪªÌ¤§¶¡ªº¦@»ï¡A¤£¶H¨ä¥¦¨ãÅé¾Ç¬ì©Ò¨ã¦³ªºÄY®æªº¼Æ¾Ç®Ø¬[¡A©ú½TªºÆ[´úµ²ªG¡A¨ãÅ骺²Îp¼Æ¾Ú¡A§Î¶HªºÃÀ³Nªí²{¨º¼Ë¥i¥H¤ñ¸û®e©ö¦aªö¥Î¥Ñ¾Ç¬ìªº¤º¦bÅÞ¿è±o¥Xªºµ²ªG¨Ó¹F¨ì¬°¤H¹ï¤_»ùȪº²Î¤@µû§P¡C¦b³oºØ±¡ªp¤U¡A¤½¥ªºì«h¨M©w¤Fõ¾Ç¤º¦bÅÞ¿è¥H¥~ªº¦]¯À¡A¥]¬AªÀ·|¦]¯À¥H¤Î«Dõ¾Ç¤º¦bÅ޿誺¨ä¥¦¤è±ªº¾Ç³N¦]¯À¡A«K·|¤¶¤J¨ì¤H̹ï¤_õ¾Ç¬Éªº¾Ç³N¤ô¥ªºµû§P¤§¤¤¡A±q¦Ó¹ïõ¾Çªºµo®i²£¥Í¼vÅT¡C«e±´£¨ì¹Lªº¤H̱`¥Î¤Þ¥Î¹L¦h¤Ö¤åÄmªº¼Æ¥Ø¦Ó¤£¬O¦³¦h¤Ö¦³»ùȪº·s«ä·Q§@¬°¿Å¶qõ¾Ç¤å³¹¤ô¥ªº¼Ðã´N¬O¤@Ó¨Ò¤l¡C
¡@¡@¦b«Dõ¾Ç¤º¦bÅ޿誺¾Ç³N¦]¯À¤¤¦³¨âÂIȱo¯S§Oªºª`·N¡G1¡^¹ï¤_õ¾Ç¥vªº¤F¸Ñ©Îªí²{¥X¤F¸Ñõ¾Ç¥vªº¯à¤O¡F2¡^¬ü§®°ª¶Wªº¤åµ§¡]¥]¬A¹ï¤_©Ò¥Î»y¨¥ªº¤å¦rªº®û²]¤Î¹ï¤_¥]¬A¤@¯ë¾ú¥v¦b¤ºªº¬ÛÃö¤å¤Æªº¼ôÃÑ¡^¡C¥Ñ¤_³o¨âÂI«Ü®e©ö±o¨ì¬°¤Hªº¦@¦P»{¥i¦]¦Ó«D±`®e©ö³Q±µ¨ü¬°µû§Põ¾Ç¤å³¹¤ô¥ªº«ÈÆ[¼Ðã¡CºÉºÞªÀ·|¤½²³Ì±`·|±N³o¨âÓ¦]¯Àµø§@õ¾Çªº¥Í©R¤Oªº¦³¾÷²Õ¦¨³¡¤À¡A¦ý¹ê»Ú±¡ªp«o¤£¬O³o¼Ë¡C¤@Ó¤H¹ïõ¾Ç¥v¤F¸Ñ±o¦A¦h¤]¤£µ¥¤_¥L¯à°÷µo®i¥X·sõ¾Çªº¹D²z«e±¤w¸g°Q½×¹L¤F¡A¦Ó¼g§@¤ô¥»Põ¾Çµo®i¤§¶¡ªºÃö¨t®£©È¤ñ«Ü¦h¤H¥H¬°ªº§ó¬°½ÆÂø¡C
3.2 õ¾Ç»P¼g§@
¡@¡@ºÉºÞõ¾Ç¹ï¤_¤j¦h¼Æ´¶³q¤H¨Ó»¡¥Dn¬OÓ¤HÃö¤_¥Í¬¡õ²zªº«ä¿ë¤Î¹ï¦W¤Hªºõ¾Çĵ¥yªº¤Þ¥Î¡A¦Ó³o¨Ç³q±`³£¤£¯A¤Î¨ìªø½g¤j½×ªº¼g§@¡A¹ï¤_±M·~õ¾Ç¬É¤H¤h©Î«D±M·~ªº¼ö·Rõ¾Çªº¤H¸s¨Ó»¡¡Aõ¾Ç¤å³¹ªº¼g§@«h¬Oõ¾Çªº¤@Ó«D±`«nªº²Õ¦¨³¡¤À¡A¦Ó³o¼Ëªº¬Ýªk¤]¬O«D±`¦X²zªº¡C§ÚÌ¥i¥H®³õ¾Ç»P¬ì¾Ç¤Î¤å¾Ç¶i¦æ¹ï¤ñ¨Ó¬Ý¼g§@¹ï¤_õ¾Çªº·N¸q¡C¬ì¾Çµo²{³Ì¥Dnªº¨Ì¾Ú¬O¼Æ¾Çªº±À¾É©M¹êÅ窺µ²ªG¡A©Ò¥H¹ï¤_¬ì¾Ç½×¤å¨Ó»¡¡A¤H̳ÌÃö¤ßªº¬O©Ò¿×ªº¹ê½è©Ê¤º®e¦Ó¤£¬O¤åªö¡]·íµM¦pªG¤º®eÈ¿ú¤åªö¤]¦nªº¸Ü·|§ó¨üÅwªï¡^¡A³o¤]¬O¬°¤°»ò¬ì¾Ç½×¤å¦³¤@©wªº³W½d¥H¦Ü¤¤¾Ç§@¤å½Ò·|±Ð±Â¬ì¾Ç½×¤å¼g§@³W½dªºì¦]¡F¹ï¤_¤å¾Çªº§@«~¨Ó»¡¡A¼g§@ªº¤À¶q·íµM´N¤£¥i§C¦ô¤F¡A¦Aºë±mªº¬G¨Æ¦pªG¤£¯à¥Î°ª¶Wªº§Þ¥©¨Óªí¹F¤]µLªk¤Þ¤H¤J³Ó¡C¦Ó¬Û¹ï¤_¬ì¾Ç»P¤å¾Ç³o¨âÓ·¥ºÝªº±¡ªp¨Ó»¡¡A¼g§@¹ï¤_õ¾Çªº·N¸q¨Ã¤£¬O«Ü®e©ö³Q²z¸Ñªº¡C¤@¤è±¥Ñ¤_õ¾Ç¶Q¦b´¼¼z©Ò¥H®e©öµ¹´¶³q¤H¤@Óõ¾Ç»P¬ì¾Ç¤@¼Ë¨ä¤º®e«n¦Ó¼g§@¤£«nªº¦L¶H¡F¥t¤@¤è±¤£¦ý©Ò¦³ªº¥¿²Îªºõ¾Ç²z½×³£¬Oªø½g¤j½×¦a¼g¥X¨Óªº¡A¦Ó¥B¥ô¦ó¤@¦ì¥´ºânÄYµÂ¦a¶i¦æõ¾Ç°Q½×ªº¤H«Ü§Ö´N·|µo²{¥L©Ò±Á{ªº³Ì¤j¬D¾Ô¤£¬O³Ð·N¦Ó¬O¦p¦ó³q¹L¼g§@¨Ó½×z¥Lªº³Ð·N----¼g§@ªº¹Lµ{¤¤¤£¦ý·|¨Ï·sªº«ä·Q§ó¥[§¹º¡¦Ó¥B·|±N«Ü¦h»ª¦ü³Ð·N¦ý¬O¤£¦¨¼ô©Î¦s¦b·å²«ªºÆ[ÂI±Æ°£±¼¡C
¡@¡@¥Ñ¤_õ¾Ç²z½×©Î¤@Ó¤Hªºõ¾Ç¤ô¥ªº°ª¤U¥Dn¬O¥Ñ¹ïõ¾Ç²z½×¦³©Ò¤F¸Ñªº¤H¤h¡]±M·~ªº©Î«D±M·~ªº¡^¨Óµû§P¡A¦]¦¹¼g§@ªº¤ô¥¦ÛµM·|¦b¹ï¤_õ¾Çªºµû§P¤¤¥e¦³«nªº¦ì¸m¡C¦ý¬O¡A¼g§@¹ï¤_õ¾Ç¨Ó»¡ªº³o¤@«nªº§@¥Î«o¤]¦¨¬°¼vÅTõ¾Çµo®iªº¤@Ó«nªº«Dõ¾Çªº¦]¯À¡C³oùؤñ¸û®e©ö¤Þ°_¤Ḩx´bªº¬Oõ¾Ç»P¼g§@¤§¶¡ªº¯S®íÃö¨t¡C²³æ¦a»¡¡A¤@Ó¤Hªº¤åµ§¦A¦n¡]¥]¬A¥L³q¾å¥@¬É¥v¡A¦³¨}¦nªº¤å¾Ç¯À¾i¡A¥B§®µ§¥Íªá¤~«ä±Ó±¶·½ì¬yºZ¡^¤]¤£µ¥¤_¥L¯à°÷µo®i¥X·sõ¾Ç¡F¤£¶È¦p¦¹¡A¤@Ӥ嵧¦n«o¤£¨ã³Æõ¾Ç³Ð·s¯à¤Oªºõ¾Ç±M·~¤H¤h¬O³Ì®e©öÅýŪªÌ»~±N¥]¬A¸ÞÅG¦b¤ºªº«Dõ¾Ç¦]¯À§@¬°õ¾ÇªºÅÞ¿è¥[¥H±µ¨üªº¡A¦]¦ÓÄݤ_³Ì®e©ö¹ïõ¾Çµo®i³y¦¨ªýꪺ¤O¶q¡C¦ý¬O¥t¤@¤è±¡Aõ¾Çµo®i¤£¦P¤_¨ä¥¦«Ü¦h¾Ç¬ìªºµo®iªº¤@Ó°ò¥»¯SÂI¬Oõ¾Ç¤º¦bÅ޿誺µo®i©Mªí¹FµLªk§¹¥þ¿W¥ß¤_õ¾Ç¼g§@¡Cõ¾Ç²z½×¬O«ä·Q»P¼g§@´|©M¦Ó¦¨ªº¦³¾÷Åé¡A¤£¦ýõ¾Ç²z½×ªº§Î¦¨Â÷¤£¶}õ¾Ç¼g§@¡A¦Ó¥B«Ü¦hõ¾Ç«ä·Q¬O¦b¼g§@¹Lµ{¤¤²£¥Íªº¡A¥i¥H¤£¸Ø±i¦a±N¼g§@¤ñ³ë¬°õ¾Çªº¥Í²£¹Lµ{¡C¥u¤£¹Lõ¾Ç¼g§@¬J»Ýn¦³¤@¯ë¼g§@ªº°ò¦¤S¤£¦P¤_¤@¯ëªº¼g§@¡A¦pªG¦]¬°õ¾Çµo®i¨Ì¿à¤_¼g§@¦Ó±N¤@¯ëªº¼g§@¤ô¥©ÎªÌ»¡¤å¾Ç¼g§@¤ô¥·í§@§PÂ_õ¾Ç¤ô¥ªº¥Dn¼Ð㨺´N¤j¿ù¯S¿ù¤F¡A¦Ó³oºØ»~¸ÑÅãµM¤]¬O¾ÉP¦è¤èªñ¥Nõ¾Ç°g¯íªº¤@Ó«nì¦]¡C¨ä¹ê¡Aõ¾Ç¼g§@¬O¤@ºØ«D±`¯S®íªº¼g§@¡AÁöµM§Ṳ́£¥i¯à±N¥¦»P¤@¯ëªº¼g§@§¹¥þ¤ÀÂ÷¶}¨Ó¡A´N¦n¤ñ§Ṳ́£¥i¯à±N¤Hªº«äºû»P¤Hªº¦×Åé¤ÀÂ÷¶}¨Ó¤@¼Ë¡A¦ý¬O§ÚÌ«o¤´¥i¥H®Ú¾Úõ¾Ç¼g§@ªºÅÞ¿è«ä¿ë¬O§_ÄYÂÔ»P¥þ±¥H¤Î¬O§_´£¨Ñ·sªº«äºûµø¨¤³o¼Ë¤@¨Ç¼Ðã¨Ó±q¤@½g¯u¥¿Àu¨qªºõ¾Ç¤å³¹¤¤¤À¿ë¥X¥¦¨ã¦³¥Í©R¤Oªº¤º¦bÅ޿覨¤À¨Ó¡C¦³Ãöõ¾Ç¼g§@¬O¤@Ó±MªùªºÄ³ÃD¡A»Ýn±Mªùªº°Q½×¡C
¡@¡@°£¤F«Dõ¾Ç¤º¦bÅ޿誺¾Ç³N¦]¯À¤§¥~¡AÁÙ¦³«Ü¦h¦s¦b¤_¾Ç³N¬É¤ºªºªÀ·|¦]¯À·|¼vÅTõ¾Çªºµo®i¡A¦Ó¨ä¤¤³Ì«nªº«h¬O¦b±M·~õ¾Ç¬É²£¥ÍÅv«Âªº¾÷¨î¥H¤Î³o¨ÇÅv«Âªº²z½×¼vÅT¨ä¥L¤H¦b±M·~õ¾Ç¬É¤º¥Í¦s©Mµo®iªº¾÷¨î¡A¦Ó³o¨Ç¾÷¨î¤¤«D±`¯S®íªº¤@Ãþ«K¬Oõ¾Ç®ÑÄyªº¥Xª©©M¤å³¹ªºµoªí¾÷¨î¤F¡A¤£¦ý¦]¬°õ¾Ç®ÑÄy»P¤å³¹ªº¥Xª©µoªíª½±µÃö¨t¨ìõ¾Ç§@¬°¤@ӥͩRÅ骺¦¨ªøµo®i¡A¦Ó¥B¤]¦]¬°¥¦ª½±µ¤Ï¬M¥X¤F¦bõ¾Ç¬É¤º³¡ªºªÀ·|¦]¯À¼vÅT¤UªÀ·|¸ê·½ªº¤À°t¹ï¤_õ¾Çµo®i©Ò°_ªº¥¿±©Ît±ªº§@¥Î¡AÄݤ_¨å«¬ªº¼vÅTõ¾Çµo®iªºªÀ·|°Ê¤O¾Ç¦]¯À¡C
3.3 ¤H̹ïõ¾Çªº¬ÈÄß
¡@¡@õ¾Çªºµo®i°£¤F·|¨ü¨ì¾Ç¬ì¤º³¡ªº¾Ç³N¤Î«D¾Ç³Nªº¼vÅT¤§¥~¡AÁÙ·|¦]¬°¥¦¬O¤@ªù¥O¤H®`©Èªº¾Ç¬ì¦Ó¨ü¨ìª½±µ¨Ó¦ÛªÀ·|¦U¤è±ªº©èIJ¡C¥Ñ¤_õ¾Çªº²z½×·|ª½±µ¼vÅT¨ì²{¹êªÀ·|¤H̪º«äºû¤è¦¡¡A¦]¦Ó¥¦¤£¦ý·|¦]Ãø¥H§â´¤©Î¨ä¸g¨å²z½×Ãø¥H²z¸Ñ¦Ó¾D¨ì¤H̪º§Nºz¡A§ó·|¦]¬°¥¦¬O¤@ªù¥O¤H¥Í¬Èªº¾Ç¬ì¦Ó¨Ï±o·sõ¾Çªº²£¥Í¦b³oÓ¥@¬É¤W¨ü¨ì¥]¬Aõ¾Ç¾Ç¬ì¤º³¡¤Î»Põ¾Ç±M·~¨S¦³ª½±µÃö¨tªº¦U¤è±ªº©èIJ¡C·í¤@Ó¥ø·~¦]¸gÀ礣µ½¦ÓÁ«·l®É¡A¦ÑªO¥i¯à·|¸Ñ¶±û¤u©Î§ó´«¸g²z¡A¦ý¥un³o®a¤½¥q¬O¨pÀ窺¡A¨º»ò°ß¤@¤£·|³Q§ó´«ªº´N¬O³o®a¤½¥qªº¦ÑªO¡Aþ©È³y¦¨¤½¥q½ß·lªº¥Dn³d¥ô´N¦b¨º¦ì¦ÑªO¦Ó¨ä¥Lªº¤H³£¬O¦b«ö·Ó¦ÑªOªº«ü¥Ü¿ì¨Æ¡C³o¬O¦]¬°¤½¥q¬O¦ÑªOªº¡A´«¦ÑªO´N·N¨ýµÛ¦ÑªO¥¢¥h¤F¦Û¤vªº²£·~¡A©Ò¥H¹ï¤_¦ÑªO¨Ó»¡¡A§ó´«¦ÑªO¬O±Æ¦b©Ò¦³¥i¯àªö¨úªº®¾±Ï¤½¥q¸gÀ窬ªpªº¿ï¶µ¤§¥~ªº¡C¦b¤HÃþªÀ·|ùØ¡AÓ¤H©ÎªÀ·|ªº¸sÅé¦æ¬°¦b«Ü¤jµ{«×¤W³£¬O«ö·ÓÓ¤H©ÎªÀ·|¾ãÅ骺¤H¥Íõ¾Ç¨Ó¦æ¨Æªº¡C¦b³oÓ·N¸q¤W¡Aõ¾Ç´N¬OÓ¤H©ÎªÀ·|¸sÅ骺¦ÑªO¡C·í¤@Ó¤H©ÎªÀ·|¹ï¦Û¤vªº²{ª¬¤£º¡®É¡A¥L©Î¥L̤ñ¸û®e©ö±µ¨ü¦UºØ±M·~ªº¬Æ¦Ü¤å¾Çªºª¾ÃѨÓÀ°§U§ïµ½¦Û¤vªºª¬ªp¡F¦ý¬O¦pªG§A³o®É¦V¥LÌ«ü¥X¡A¥LÌ©Ò±Á{ªº°ÝÃD¬O¥L̦ۤvªº«äºû¤è¦¡¥X¤F°ÝÃD¡A¦]¦¹¥L̯u¥¿À³¸Ó´M¨Dªº¬O¥i¥H§ïÅÜ¥L̪º«äºû¤è¦¡ªº·sõ¾Çªº®ÉÔ¡A´N¦p¦Pn¤@®a¨pÀç¥ø·~n´«±¼¥¦ªº¦ÑªO¤@¼Ë¦Ó·|¨ü¨ì©è¨î¡C
¡@¡@¥HÓ¤H¨Ó»¡¡A¥Lªº¤j¸£¨M©wµÛ¥Lªº²z©Ê«äºû¤Î¥Í¬¡¿ï¾Ü¡A¦Ó¹ï¤_¨CÓ¦¨¦~¤H¨Ó»¡¡A¤£½×¥L¬O§_©ú½T·NÃѨì¡A¥Lªº¤j¸£ªº«äºû¨ä¹ê³£Â÷¤£¶}¥Lªº¾ãÅ骺¤H¥Íõ¾Ç(¨CÓ¤Hªº¤H¥Íõ¾Ç¬J¦³¥LÓ¤H¤H¥ÍªºÁ`µ²¡A¤]¦³±q¦UºØ¤å¤Æ¨Ó·½±o¨ìªº±Ò}©Mª¾ÃÑ¡A¦P®É¤]³£·|¦b¤£¦Pµ{«×¤W¥´¤W¥L©Ò¥Í¬¡ªºªÀ·|¥D¬y¤å¤Æªº¯O¦L)¡C¦]¦¹¡A·í¤@Ó¤H¹ï¦Û¤vªº²{ª¬¤£º¡·Nªº®ÉÔ¡A¥L·|¦Ò¼{¥h¾Ç¦UºØ±M·~ª¾ÃѬƦܤå¾Çª¾ÃѨӥR¹ê¦Û¤v¡A«o³q±`¤£Ä@Å¥¨ì§O¤H¹ï¥L»¡¡GÁý¡A§Aªº«äºû¤è¦¡¥X¤F°ÝÃD¡A©Î§Aªº«ä¸ô»Ýn§ï¥¿¡C¨ä¹ê¡A«Ü¦h®ÉÔ¤@Ó¤H¶V¬O¦³À£¤Oªº®ÉÔ¡A¥L¶V¬O·|°ª¿³¾Ä«×¦a¬Æ¦Ü¯h¾Î¦a«ä¯Á¨Ã§ä¥X¤@±ø±øªº¤è®×©M¥X¸ô¡A³o®ÉÔ¥L¶VÃø¥H±µ¨ü§O¤H©M¥L»¡¡G¼K¡A§Aªº«äºû¤è¦¡¦³°ÝÃD¡C¦Ó¹ï¤_ªÀ·|¨Ó»¡¡A¤@¤è±«ezªºÓ¤H¹ï·s«äºû¤è¦¡ªº±Æ¥¸·|¥H¶°Å骺§Î¦¡ªí²{¦bªÀ·|¹ï¤_·sõ¾Çªº©èIJ¡F¥t¤@¤è±¡A·sõ¾Çªº¥X²{¤£¦ý·|¹ï¤@¨Ç¥H²{¦³õ¾Ç¬°¨Ì¦«ªºÅv«Â̪ºªÀ·|¦a¦ì³y¦¨«Â¯Ù¡A¬Æ¦Ü·|¨Ï¤@¨Ç¤ñ¸û¼ô±x²{¦³õ¾Çªº±M·~©Î«D±M·~¤Hû·Pı¦Û¨¤@³¡¤Àªº»ùȳQ®ø¥¢¡A¦]¦Ó·|¥X¦Û¹ï¤_¦Û¨ªºªÀ·|¦a¦ì©Î»ùȪº®Â½Ã¦Ó©è¨î·sªºõ¾Ç¡F°£¤F³o¨âÂI¤§¥~¡A¥Ñ¤_õ¾Ç»PªÀ·|¬Fªv¸gÀÙªº±K¤ÁÃö¨t¡A·sõ¾ÇÁÙ·|¦]·NÃѧκA©Î¨ä¥¦ªº¬Fªv¸gÀÙªºì¦]¦Ó¨ü¨ì²{¦³ªºªÀ·|¬Fªv¸gÀÙ¶Õ¤Oªº©è¨î¡C
3.4 ¬ì¾Çªº¿³°_»Põ¾Çªºµo®i
¡@¡@«e±´£¨ì¹L¤H̱`§âõ¾Ç§@¬°¤@ªù±M·~¾Ç¬ìªº°I°hÂk©S¤_¬ì¾Çªº¿³°_¡C¹ê»Ú¤W¡A¬ì¾Çªº¿³°_±q¥»½è¤W¨Ó»¡¹ï¤_¥H¦s¦bµÛªº¤@¤ÁÃöÁp¬°¹ï¶Hªºõ¾Çªºµo®i¬O¤@¤j«P¶i¤O¶q¡A¥¦©Ò«Â¯Ùªº¤£¬Oõ¾Ç³oªù¾Ç¬ìªº¦s¦b¥»¨¡A¦Ó¬O³QªÀ·|»{¬°¬Oµ¥¦P¤_õ¾Ç³oªù¾Ç¬ìªº±M·~õ¾Ç¤H¤h¡F¦Ó¥B¥¦«Â¯Ùªº¤]¤£¬Oõ¾Ç³q¹L±M·~õ¾Ç¤H¤h¨Ó±o¨ìµo®iªº¼ç¤O¡A¦Ó¬O³q¹Lµ¹±M·~õ¾Ç¤H¤h´£¥X§ó¤jªº¬D¾Ô¦Ó«Â¯Ù¤F¥LÌÓ¤Hªº¥Í¦s¤ÎÅv«Â¡C©Ò¥H¡A¦pªG»¡¬ì¾Çªº¿³°_¹ï¤_õ¾Çµo®iªº¦³¤@©wªºt±¼vÅTªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò³oºØ¼vÅT¬O¼W¤j¤F±M·~õ¾Çµo®iªºÃø«×¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¹ïõ¾Ç¤£½×¬O§@¬°¤@ªù±M·~¾Ç¬ìÁÙ¬O§@¬°¤HÃþ¾ãÅé¤å©úªº¤@³¡¤Àªºµo®i²£¥Í¤F¥»½èªºªýê¡C
¡@¡@¬ì¾Çªº¿³°_¹ï¤_õ¾Ç§@¬°¤@ªù±M·~¾Ç¬ì©Ò´£¥Xªº¬D¾Ô¥Dn¬O³y¦¨¶Ç²Îõ¾Ç»â°ìÅܱo¯¶¤p¡C³o¬O¦]¬°¥Ñõ¾Ç¥¥¨|¥Xªº¦ÛµM¬ì¾Çªº¦UӾǬì±N¤HÃþ´X¤d¦~¤å©úùتº«Ü¦h쥻Äݤ_õ¾Çªº»â¦a¥Ê¤À¤F¥X¥h¡A¨Ï±o¨äõ¾Ç«äºû¥Dn¨Ì¾a±q¶Ç²Îõ¾Ç®ÑÄy¨V¨ú¾i¤Àªº¤@¨Ç±M·~¤Hû²£¥Í¦¿¦¤~ºÉªº¦M¾÷·P¡A¤£ª¾¸Ó¦p¦óµo±¸¥¼¨Óõ¾Ç§@¬°±M·~ªº¬ã¨s½ÒÃD©M¤è¦V¡C³o¤@ª¬ªpªº«ùÄò¨Ï±o¬ì¾Ç¬ÉªºÅv«Â¤Hª«¦b21¥@¬ö¦A¦¸«½Æ¤Fõ¾Ç¬ÉªºÅv«Â¤Hª«¦b¤W¤@¥@¬ö©Ò°µªºõ¾Ç§@¬°±M·~¤w¸g²×¤î¤Fªº«Å§P10¡C¦pªG§Ú̦^ÅU¹L¥h¤@Ó¥@¬öùØ¥@¬Éõ¾Çªºµo®i¡A¥i¥H»¡¤W¤@¥@¬öùئè¤èªñ¥Nõ¾Ç¤ñ¸ûºÓªG²Ö²ÖªºÀ³¸Ó¬O¥Ñ¿Õ¨©¼ú±o¥D^°êõ¾Ç®aù¯À¹ï¤_§@¬°¥j¦Ñªºõ¾Çªº°ò¥»²Õ¦¨³¡¤ÀªºÅ޿賡¤Àªºµo®i¡A¦ý¬O¥L¦bÅÞ¿è¤è±ªº¤u§@«Ü§Ö»P¼Æ¾Ç®a¥±¹p®æªº¤u§@¤@°_§@¬°¼Æ²zÅÞ¿è¦Ó¦¨¬°¤@ªù¿W¥ßªº¾Ç¬ì¡C¦Ó§@¬°¹ï¤_¶Â®æº¸ªº©Ò¿×ªº²Ä¤@õ¾Çªº¥»Åé½×ªºµo®i¥B¥H¤Ï§Ü¶Ç²Î²z©À¬°¼Ð§Óªº¦s¦b¥D¸qõ¾Ç«h¦]¯Ê¥F¦ÛµMÅ޿誺°ò¦¦Ó¥¼¯à¬°õ¾Çªºµo®i±a¨Ó¯u¥¿ªº¥Í©R¤O¡A¥t¥~ªº¨ã¦³±j¯Pªº¬Fªv¦â±mªº¨ä¥¦õ¾ÇÁöµM´¿±a°Ê¥@¬É¬Fªvª©¹Ïµo¥Í¥¨¤jªºÅܤơA«o¤]¦P¼Ë¥¼¯à¦p¥¦ªº¤ä«ùªÌ̩ҫź٪º¨º¼Ë±a°Êõ¾Ç¥»¨ªºµo®i¡C»P¬ì¾Çªº´¶¤Î¬ÛÀ³ªº¬ì¾Çõ¾ÇÁöµMÀ°§U½T¥ß¤F¹ï¤_¦ÛµM¬ì¾Çªº§ó¬°©ú½Tªº¬É©w¡A¹ï¤_¦b¦ÛµM¬ì¾Çªº»â°ì¤ºªº«äºû¨ã¦³¿n·¥ªº«ü¾É§@¥Î¡A«o¥Ñ¤_¦ÛµM¬ì¾Ç¥»¨©Ò³BªºÅÞ¿è»â¦a¦b¤HÃþ¤å©ú¾ãÅé½d³ò¤ºªº§½©Ê¦Ó¤£¦ý¥¼¯àµ¹õ¾Çªº¾ãÅéµo®i±a¨Ó«ùÄòªº°Ê¤O¡A¬Æ¦ÜµL·N¶¡µ¹«Ü¦h¤H³y¦¨ªÀ·|°ÝÃD¤]¥²¶·«ö·Ó¦ÛµM¬ì¾Çªº¤èªk¶i¦æ¬ã¨sªº»~¾É¡C¦Ó¥]¬AÂå¾Ç©M¤ß²z¾Ç¦b¤ºªº³Q»{¬°¬O¦ÛµM¬ì¾Çªº»â°ì¦¤w³Q«Ü¦h¤H±qõ¾Çªº·§©À¤¤ç°£¤F¡CÁöµM«Ü¦hŪªÌ·|§â¤HÃþ¾Ç©MªÀ·|¾Çªº¬ã¨s»Põ¾ÇÁp¨t¦b¤@°_¡A¹ï¤_³o¨Ç»â°ì¤ºªº±M·~¤Hû¨Ó»¡¡A¥LÌ©Ò±q¨Æªº¬O¤@ªù¦³µÛ¯S®íªº¤èªk§Þ¥©¦Ó¥BÊ«¤_²Îp©M¼Æ¾Úªº¾Ç¬ì¡A¨Ã«D¬Oõ¾Ç±M·~ªº¤@³¡¤À¡C«D±`¿ò¾Ñ¦a¡A¦b¸gÀÙ©M¹ï¤_¥¼¨Óªº¤ÀªR³o¼ËÄY«»Ýnõ¾Ç¬}¹î©M«ä¿ëªº»â°ì¡A¤HÌ«o¹L¤_¬Ý«°ª¬ì§Þ¤Î¤j¼Æ¾Úªº¤O¶q¦Ó©¿µø¤Fõ¾Çªº«n©Ê¡CÁöµM¦b¬Fªv©MÛ²z¤è±ªºõ¾Ç°Q½×¤´µM¦bÄ~Äò¤§¤¤¡A¦ý¬O¥Ø«e¥@¬É½d³òªº°Ê¿º©M¦M¾÷ªí©ú±M·~õ¾Ç¬É¦b³o¨Ç¤è±ªº°Q½×ÅãµM¨S¦³¦b³oÓ¥@¬É¤W¨ã¦³¤Ó¤jªº¼vÅT¤O¡Cõ¾Ç§@¬°±M·~¹ï¤_¤µ¤Ñ¯«¾Çµo®iªº¼vÅT¤O¬O·L¥G¨ä·Lªº¡C¹ï¤_»y¨¥¦b¤HÃþ«äºû¤×¨ä¬Oõ¾Ç«äºû¤¤©Ò¥e¦³ªº«n©Êªº»{ÃѤ]¬O¤W¤@¥@¬ö¦è¤èõ¾Çµo®iªº¤@Ó«n³¡¤À¡AÁöµM¥Ñ¤_³oÓ°ÝÃD¥»¨¦Ü¤µ¬°¤îªº¶}©ñ©Ê¡A¤´±N¦¨¬°¤HÃþõ¾Ç¦b¤µ«á¤@¬q®É¶¡ùتº¤@Ó«nijÃD¡A¥Ø«e¨Ó»¡¡A¤H̦ü¥G´¶¹M»{¬°³o¤è±ªºõ¾Ç»{ÃѤw¸g§¹¦¨¤F¡A±µ¤U¨Ó¬O¤ß²z¾Ç©M»y¨¥¾Ç®aªº¤u§@¤F¡F»P¦¹¬ÛÃö¦a¡AÃö¤_«äºûªºõ¾ÇÁöµM¤]¤´±N¦b¤ß²z¾ÇªºÀ°§U¤U¿W¥ß¤_¤ß²z¾Ç¦ÓÄ~Äò¦s¦bµÛ¡A¥Ø«e¤]¥¼¨£¥D¬y±M·~õ¾Ç¬É¦b³o¤è±¦³¤°»ò¤jªº¬ð¯}¡A¹L¥h´X¤Q¦~ùØ«D±M·~ªº¥Á¶¡õ¾Ç¤H¤h¦b³o¤è±«o¬O«D±`¬¡ÅD¡A¬°«äºûõ¾Çª`¤J¤F¤£¤Ö¦³»ùȪº¾i¤À¡A¦ý¬O¥L̪º¤u§@ÅãµM¨S¦³±o¨ì±M·~õ¾Ç¬Éªº«µø¡C¥Ñ¦¹¥i¥H¬Ý¥X¦b²©R©Êªº·s¬ð¯}²£¥Í¤§«e¡A¬ì¾Çªº¿³°_½T¹ê³q¹L¤j³W¼Ò¦a¥Ê¤À¶Ç²Îªºõ¾Ç»â°ì¦Ó¨Ï±M·~õ¾ÇÃä½t¤Æ¨Ã«Â¯Ù¨ì¤Fõ¾Ç§@¬°±M·~ªº¥Í¦s¡C¥t¥~¡A©Î³\¬O¨ã¦³¿Ø¨ë·N¸qªº¬O¡A·í¥D¬y±M·~õ¾Çªºµo®i³´¤J°±¹yª¬ªpªº®ÉÔ¡A¤H̵o²{¹ï¤_¾ú¥v¤Wªºõ¾Ç¸g¨åªº¸ÑŪ¤´µM¦s¦b«Ü¦hȱo±´°Qªº¤£¨¬¤§³B¡A³o¤]±NÄ~Äò¦¨¬°¥¼¨Óªº·sõ¾Ç®É¥N©Ò»ÝnÃöª`ªº¤º®e¤§¤@¡C
4. µ²§ô»y
¡@¡@¦b¤F¸Ñ¤F¾ÉPõ¾Ç°I°h¦UºØ¦]¯À¤§«á¡A§ÚÌ¥i¥H¹ï·í¤µ¥@¬Éªº¥D¬y±M·~õ¾Ç¤§©Ò¥H·|¤@¦A³Qõ¾Ç¬É©M¬ì¾Ç¬ÉªºÅv«ÂÌ«Å¥¬²×µ²ªºì¦]¦³¤ñ¸û²M·¡ªº»{ÃÑ¡CÁöµM±q¥H¤Wªº«D±`¤£¸ÔºÉªº°Q½×¤¤§Ṳ́w¸g¥i¥H·P¨ü¨ì¾ÉP¥D¬y±M·~õ¾Ç°I°hªºì¦]¬Û·í½ÆÂø¡A§Ṳ́´µM¥i¥H±N¤§Â²³æ¦Ó§Î¶H¦aÂkµ²¬°³o¼Ëªºì¦]¡G·½¦Û¥j§Æþªºõ¾Çµo®i¬x¬y¦b¬y¸g¨â¤T¤d¦~ªº¾ú¥vªøªeªº¹Lµ{¤¤´þ¼í¥¥¨|¤F¤HÃþ¤å©úªºÂ׺Ӧ¨ªG¡A¤]¤£Â_¦a±q¨ä¤¤Àò¨ú·sªº¯à¶q¡A¦ý¬O¦b³Ìªñªº´X¥@¬öùغ¥º¥¥¢¥h¤F©è§Üªu³~¯Ó´²ªý¤Oªº°Ê¯à¦Ó¬y¤J¤F¯U¯¶ªº²L¤ô°Ï¡C¦]¦¹¡A¥Íªø¦b§Ú̳oӮɥNªº¤H´N±Á{¤F·sªºõ¾Ç²©Rªº»Ýn¡C
¡@¡@¥t¤@¤è±¡A²{¦³ªº¥D¬yõ¾Çµo®iªº¦¡·L¤£¦ýn¨D«D¥D¬yõ¾Ç¬É¦³§Ó¤_¸Ñ±Ïõ¾Çµo®i¤§¦Mªº¤H¤h¦A¤@¦¸¥X¨Ó¬°¥@¬Éõ¾Çªºµo®i¥X¤O¡A¦Ó¥B¤]¬°«D¥D¬yõ¾Ç¤H¤h´£¨Ñ¤F¬°¥D¬yõ¾Çª`¤J·sÂA¦å²Gªº±ø¥ó¡C§@¬°¤@Ӧʦ~¦Ñ©±¡A¥D¬y±M·~õ¾Ç¬É¤£¦ýź¶Æ¦a¥e¦³µÛªÀ·|¤W¥»µÛ¹ïõ¾Ç±M·~ªº´Á«Ý¦Ó½á¤©ªº¸ê·½¡A¦Ó¥B¨ä¤º³¡¤]¦³µÛ±q¾Ç³N¤WªºÅv«Â©Ê¨ì¾÷ºcùؾºÙ¤Wªºµ¥¯Åµ²ºc¡]n¯S§O«ü¥Xªº¬O©Ò¿×ªº¾Ç³NÅv«Â¤£¦ý¨ã¦³¤ô¥ªº¬Û¹ï©Ê¡A¦Ó¥B¤£¤@©w§¹¥þ¥Ñ¾Ç³Nªº¦]¯À«P¦¨¡^¡C³o¬O©Ò¦³¾Ç¬ìµo®i¨ì¤@©wµ{«×©Ò¥²µM¥X²{ªºª¬ªp¡A¬J¦³¨ä¦X²zªº¤@±¤]¦³¨ä®ø·¥ªº¤@±¡C¤@ªù¾Ç¬ìªº¬J¦¨ªº¤º¦bªÀ·|©Êµ²ºc¥i¥H¦³§Q¤_¾Ç¬ì¤º³¡ªºª¾ÃѪº¶Ç©Ó¡A¤Hûªº°ö°V¡A¤Î¬ì¬ã¬¡°Êªº²Õ´¡F¦ý¦P®É¤]¬O«e±´£¨ìªºÓ¤H§Q¯q»P¾Ç³N§Q¯qˬEªº¥Dn¤ä¼µ¡C¥t¥~¡A¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¡AºÉºÞ±M·~¾÷ºcªº¦s¦b¹ï¤_¤@ªù¾Ç¬ìµo®i©Ò¨ã¦³ªº¥¿±§@¥Î¨Ï±oªÀ·|¤j²³³q±`·|±N±M·~¾÷ºc¬Ý§@µ¥¦P¤_¸Ó±M·~©Ò¥Nªíªº¾Ç¬ì¥»¨¡A¥ô¦ó¤@ªù¾Ç¬ìªº¦s¦bªº²×·¥·N¸q¬O¨ä¤º¦bªºÅÞ¿è¦Ó¤£¬O»P¤§¬ÛÃöªº±M·~¾÷ºc¡C¦]¦¹¡AÄY®æ¦a»¡¡AºÉºÞ±M·~¾÷ºc´x±±µÛªÀ·|¤W¤À°tµ¹¬ÛÃö±M·~ªº¸ê·½¡A¾Ç¬ìªºµo®i¨Ã¤£§¹¥þ¨Ì¿à¤_±M·~¾÷ºcªº¦s¦b¡A¶Hõ¾Ç³o¼Ëªº¶}©ñ©Êªº¾Ç¬ì¤×¨ä¦p¦¹¡C¹ï¤_¤@Ó±M·~¾Ç¬ì¤º³¡ªº¾Ç³Nµo®i¨Ó»¡¡A¨ä¤º¦bªºªÀ·|©Êµ²ºcªº¿n·¥»P®ø·¥§@¥Î·|ÀHµÛ¾Ç¬ì¤º¦bªºÅÞ¿è¥Í©R¤Oªº¿³°I¦Ó¦¹®ø©¼ªø¡A¤]´N¬O»¡¡A±M·~¾Ç¬ìµo®iªº¥Í©R¤O¶V®z¡Aµ²ºc©Êªº¤O¶q´N¶V®e©ö³Q¥Î¤_±M·~µ²ºc¤º»P§Q¯q¬ÛÃöªº¤H¨Æ¬¡°Ê¡A¤Ï¤§¥çµM¡F¦ý¬O¡A¹ï¤_¤@ªù¾Ç¬ìªº©Ò¿×«D±M·~©Ê¡]¤]´N¬O»¡¦b¸Ó¾Ç¬ìªº¨É¦³ªÀ·|¸ê·½ªº±M·~©ÊªºªÀ·|µ²ºc¤§¥~ªº¡^ªºµo®i¨Ó»¡¡A¸Ó¾Ç¬ìªº±M·~ªº¤º¦bªºªÀ·|©Êµ²ºc³q±`°_¨ìªº¬O¨î©Êªº§@¥Î¡A¦Ó³oºØ¨î©Êªº§@¥Î«ê«ê·|ÀHµÛ¸Ó±M·~µo®iªº°I°h¦Ó¤j¤j´î®z¡A¨Ï±o¸Ó¾Ç¬ìªº«D±M·~©Êªºµo®i¤£¦ýÅܱo§ó¬°«n¤]·|¬Û¹ï¶¶§Q¤@¨Ç¡C«e±´£¨ì¹L¡A±qõ¾Ç¦Û¨ªºÅÞ¿è¨Ó¬Ý¡A¤µ¤Ñ¥D¬y±M·~õ¾Çµo®iªº§x¹Ò¬O´XÓ¥@¬ö«e´N®I¤UªººØ¤lªºµ²ªG¡A¦Ó³o¤@µ²ªGªº¤@Ó«n¯S©º«K¬O¥D¬y±M·~õ¾Ç¬É¯Ê¥F·sªºõ¾Ç³Ð³y¤O©M²z¸Ñ¤O¡C¦b³oºØ±¡ªp¤U¡AÂ\²æ±M·~¾÷ºcªº§ô¿£¤O¡A±q±M·~¤§¥~¤Þ¶i«P¶iõ¾Ç¤º¦bÅÞ¿èµo®iªº·s«äºû¹ï¤_¤HÃþ¥@¬Éªºõ¾Çµo®i¬O«D±`«nªº¤@¨B¡C©Ò¥H»¡¡A²{¦³ªºõ¾Çµo®iªº§xÃø¥¿¬O·sõ¾Ç²£¥Íªº«e«µ¡C
¡@¡@¤£¨É¦³±M·~ªÀ·|¸ê·½ªº«D±M·~¤Hû¦bµo®iõ¾Ç®É±Á{ªº³Ì¤j§xÃø¬O¤£¨ã³Æ¦Û¤vªº¥¥x¡A¯Ê¤Ö¦bªÀ·|¤W©Î¾Ç³N¬Éªí¹F¦Û¤vªºÆ[ÂIªº¸Ü»yÅv¡A¦]¦Ó¤£©ö»P¾Ç¬ì¤º¥~ªº¤H¶i¦æ·¾³q¡C¦ý¬O¥L̪º¤@Ó¥ý¤ÑªºÀu¶Õ¬O¥L̪º«äºû¤£·|¨ü¨ì±M·~»â°ìªºÅv«ÂÌ©Ò³]©wªº®Ø¬[ªº©ë§ô¡A¦Ó¥B¥Ñ¤_¥L̪ºªÀ·|I´ºªº¼sªx¦Ó¤£¬O¦Û¤j¾Ç²¦·~¤§¤é°_´N²×¤é§¤¦bõ¾Ç±M·~¾÷ºcªº¼g¦r¼Ó¿ì¤½«ÇùØ¡A¨Ï±o¥L̪ºµø³¥©M«ä¸ô¤ñ±M·~õ¾Ç¤Hû§ó®e©ö±µªñõ¾Çªº²×·¥¥Ø¼Ð¡G¦s¦bµÛªº¤@¤ÁÃöÁp¡C«e±´¿´£¨ì¡A²{¹ê¥Í¬¡¬Oõ¾Çµo®iªº¥Dn·½¬u¡A¦Ó«D±M·~«D¥D¬yªºõ¾Ç¤H¤hªº§ó¥[±µªñ¥Í¬¡³o¤@¯SÂI¦³§Q¤_¥L̪½±µ±q¥Í¬¡ªº¤è¤è±±¤§¤¤¬°õ¾Ç§@¬°¤@ªù¦³µÛÅÞ¿è¤Wªº¨t²Î©Êªº¾Ç¬ì¨V¨ú¾i®Æ¡C
¡@¡@ÁöµMõ¾Çµo®iªº®Ú¥»·N¸q¦b¤_¨ä¤º¦bÅ޿誺µo®i¡Aõ¾Ç§@¬°¤@ªù¾Ç¬ì¬J¤£¥i¯à²æÂ÷±q¨Æõ¾Çµo®iªº¡]±M·~©Î«D±M·~¡^¤H¤hªº¥DÆ[§V¤O¡A¤]¤£¥i¯à²æÂ÷ªÀ·|ªº²{¹ê¦Ó¦s¦b©Îµo®i¡C¦]¦¹¡AÓ¤Hªº¤ù±¤Î¦UºØ®zÂI©MªÀ·|°Ê¤O¨t²Î¤¤ªº¦UºØ¯Ó´²¦]¯À·|¨Ï±oõ¾Çªºµo®i¥X²{©P´Á©Êªºªi°Ê¡A·í³oºØªi°Ê³B¤_¨¦©³ªº®ÉÔ¡A«K·N¨ýµÛ·sõ¾Ç²©Rªº§Y±N¨ì¨Ó¡C¸g¾ú¤F¨âÓ¨Ó¥@¬öªº¤j³W¼Òªº·Æ©Y¤§«á¡A§Ú̳oӮɥN©Ò±Á{ªº¬O¤@³õ¬Û¹ï¨Ó»¡¤ñ¸û¥¨¤j¦Ó¹ý©³ªºõ¾Ç²©Rªº»Ýn¡C
¡@¡@¾ú¥v¤Wªºõ¾Çµo®iªº¥Dn°Ê¤O·½¦Û¹ï¤_¦ÛµM¡AÅÞ¿è¡A«H¥õ¡A¤H©Ê©MªÀ·|ªº«ä¦Ò¡C¥Ø«e¦ÛµM¬ì¾Çªº°ª«×µo®i¦b«Ü¤jµ{«×¤W©Ó¾á¤F¤HÌÃö¤_¦ÛµMªºõ¾Ç«ä¿ëªº¥Dn¥ô°È¡A¦ý¬O¡AÀHµÛ¤HÃþ¬ì§Þ»â°ìªº¤£Â_©Ý®i¡Aõ¾Çªº«äºû¤]±N¦b·sªº¬ì¾Ç»â°ìªº±´¯Á¤¤§êºtÀ³¦³ªº«n¨¤¦â¡CÁöµMõ¾Çªº«ä¦Ò¦b¤@©wµ{«×¤W¹ï¤HÃþªº«H¥õ¦³©Ò§U¯q¡A¦ý¬O¥Ñ¤_«H¥õ¥»¨ªº¯S®í©Ê¡A¦³Ãö«H¥õªºõ¾Ç«ä¦Ò±N·|¥X²{¤°»ò¼Ëªº¶i®i¬O«ÜÃø¹w®Æªº¡C°ª¬ì§Þ¤Î¥þ²y¤Æ¥«³õ¸gÀÙªº¿³°_¹ï¤_¥@¬É½d³ò¤ºªº¬Fªv¸gÀÙ¤å¤Æªº½ÄÀ»¤´¦³«Ýõ¾Çªº¥i¥H»¡¬O«D±`¿ð¨ìªº®ø¤Æ¡F¥t¤@¤è±¡AÁöµMÅÞ¿è¾Ç¤w¸g¦¨¬°±Mªùªº¾Ç¬ì¡A±qõ¾Çªº¨¤«×¹ï¤_ªÀ·|»P¦ÛµMÅ޿誺¥þ±±´¯Á¤´±N«ùÄò¤U¥h¨Ã¦³«Ý·sªº¬ð¯}¡C¦]¦¹¡A¦b§Y±N¨ÓÁ{ªº·sªºõ¾Ç²©R¤¤¡A¹ï¤_¤H©Ê¡]¥]¬A¥Í©R¡A«äºû¡A¤ß²zµ¥¤H©Êªº¦UӤ象^¡AÅÞ¿è¡A¤ÎªÀ·|°Ê¤O¾Çªº«ä¦Ò±N¥e¦³«D±`«nªº¤À¶q¡C³o¨Ç¤è±ªºõ¾Ç¤£¦ý±Á{µÛ«¤jªº¬ð¯}¡A¦Ó¥B·|¹ï¤HÃþªº¬Fªv¸gÀÙ¤å¤Æ¥Í¬¡²£¥ÍÃø¥H¦ô¶qªº½ÄÀ»¡F±M·~õ¾Ç½Ò°óÁ¿±Âªº¤º®e¤]±NÀHµÛ³o¤è±ªº¶i®i¦Ó³vº¥µo¥ÍÅܤơC°ò¤_¥»¤å©Ò°µªº¦U¶µ¤ÀªR¡A§ÚÌ¥i¥H¦X²z¦a¹w¨£§Y±N¨ì¨Óªºõ¾Ç²©R±Nº¥ý¦b±M·~¾÷ºc¤§¥~ªº«D¥D¬yªºõ¾Ç»â°ì¤ºµo¥Í¡AµM«áÀHµÛ³o³õ²©R¹ï¤_ªÀ·|¬Fªv¸gÀÙ¤å¤Æªº¼vÅTªºÂX®i¡A³Ì«á³vº¥¼vÅT¨ì¥D¬yªº±M·~õ¾Ç¡CµL½×³o³õ²©R¨ãÅé¥H¤°»ò¼Ëªº§Î¦¡©M²r¯Pµ{«×¨ì¨Ó¡A¥¦³£¬O¥Ø«e¤HÃþ¤å©ú©Ò´Á«Ýªº¤@³õ¥²nªº²©R¡A¦Ó¥B¹ï¤HÃþ¤å©úªº¶i®i±N°_¨ì¿n·¥ªº«P¶i§@¥Î¡C
µùÄÀ¡G
1¥»¦W¡GÀ¹º_µ×¡Aºô¦W¡G¼}®e«C¯ó¡A¤_·s¿A¦è
2 On My Philosophy, K Jaspers, 1941, URL: https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/ge/jaspers.htm
3 The End of Philosophy and the Task of Thinking, by M Heidegger, 1969 URL¡Ghttp://evans-experientialism.freewebspace.com/heidegger8a.htm
4 ±d¼w¦b¥Lªº¡m¯Âºé²z©Ê§å§P¡n¤¤°µ¹L³o¼Ëªº«Å§i¡G§Î¦Ó¤W¾Ç¡A®Ú¾Ú§Ú±NnÁ¿z·§©À¡A¬O©Ò¦³¾Ç¬ì¤¤°ß¤@¥i¥H¥Ñ§Ų́ӹý©³§¹¦¨¦Ó¤£¯dµ¹«á¤H¥ô¦ó¥iµo®iªº¾l¦aªº¤@ªù¡A¥L̰ߤ@¥i°µªº¶È¶È¬O¤£½×¥X¤_¤°»ò¥Øªº¦Ó±Ð¾É§Î¦Ó¤W¾Ç---¥ḺNµLªkµ¹§Î¦Ó¤W¾Ç²K¥[¥ô¦ó·sªº¤º®e¡C¡]©Î¦Ü¤Ö¬O°ß¤@ªº¤@ªù¥i¥H¦b¸ûµu®É¶¡¤º¤£»Ýnªá¤Ó¦h§V¤O´N¯à§¹¦¨ªº¾Ç¬ì¡AºÉºÞ³o¨Ç§V¤O¤@©w¬O¦³p¹º©M¨ó½Õ¦nªº¡C¡^
^Ķì¤å¡GMetaphysics, according to the concept of it that I shall present, is the only one of all the sciences that can be made so complete that there¡¦s nothing left for our descendants to do but teach it for whatever purposes they have¡Xnot being able to add anything to its content. (Or at least the only one of the sciences for which this can be done in a quite short time and with not much effort¡Xthough the effort must be concerted.)
------------ Critique of Pure Reason, by I Kant, 1787 URL: http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/assets/pdfs/kant1781part1.pdf
5 Science of Logic, by G Hegel , 1816, URL: http://ir.nmu.org.ua/bitstream/handle/123456789/119596/775416ffb6281bddd4e6cec4f2d83c24.pdf
6 Introduction to Logic, by I Kant, URL: https://archive.org/stream/kantsintroductio00kantuoft/kantsintroductio00kantuoft_djvu.txt
7 Process and Reality -- An Essay in Cosmology, by AN Whitehead, URL: https://archive.org/stream/AlfredNorthWhiteheadProcessAndReality/Alfred%20North%20Whitehead%20-%20Process%20and%20Reality_djvu.txt
8 A Short Introduction to the Paradoxical and Dynamic Nature of Fairness, by R. Dai, 2016, J. Civil & Legal Sciences, URL: http://www.omicsgroup.org/journals/a-short-introduction-to-the-paradoxical-and-dynamic-nature-of-fairness-2169-0170-1000168.php?aid=66991
9 A brief discussion on fairness analysis, by R. Dai, 2015, Outskirts Press.
10 The Grand Design: New Answers to the Ultimate Questions of Life¡Aby S Hawking and L Mlodinow,2010, London: Bantam Press, 2010
¡°«e©¹¥»¤åÁy®ÑÆg¦n¡B¤À¨É©Îµû½×¡G